Urban Legend of Pemberton Park :: Urban Legends Ghost Stories

Salisburys Pemberton Park in the DarkSince I come from the Eastern Shore of this state, I was surprised to hear a ghost story I was previously unaware of. The story takes place in a park in Salisbury. The person who t elderly me the story is a 19-year-old sophomore(prenominal) at the University, and we spoke about it one evening after dinner. He believes it to be true, because one of his friends siblings has apparently experienced the ghost firsthand. I tape-recorded his narrativeIn Pemberton Park, about 30 years agoexactly 30 years ago in a few weeks, actually, a young student got his heart broken. His girlfriend had loved him, or so it seemed, butshe found another guy. And the girl he had loved so overmuch told him that their love was now dead. So he decided that he would be dead also. He walked to Pemberton Park and took a stroll along the lake, far absent from everyone else, especially the girl who had hurt him. He was happy there, alone. But he dragged a heavy rope behind him anyway. He found a complete tree above the bridge on the river. That night he hung himself out of hurt and hatred. But just as he jumped, he realized that he didnt hate it there. He awoke the next day and saw a strange sighthis own body He soon realized that he had died of sadness in a place of happiness, and he was destined to remain there the rest of his life, alone.But then something happenedPemberton Park became popular. Especially among couples. Lovers would walk memory hands and the young man would sit silently, jealous and mad that they were invading his space. It happened more and more, but he did nothing. Nothingnothinguntil one night, almost cardinal years ago, when his old girlfriend came to Pemberton Park with her new lover. When he saw her, he was filled with rage. He could not take it any more. Night fell, and his old girlfriend kissed her new boyfriend. It was her last kiss.After a huge manhunt, the police found her body, with her boyfriends, hanging over the river by the bridge. Thats why you arent supposed to wander deep into Pemberton Park this time of the yearand especially not with someone you love.

brave new world Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine living in a world without mothers and fathers, a place full of faceless human clones. This is the community portrayed in Aldous Huxleys 1932 novel entitled Brave New population. Huxley describes a futuristic society that has an alarming effect of dehumanization. This occurs through the absence of spirituality and family, the irresistible impulse with physical pleasure, and the misuse of technology. In this world, each person is raised in a test tube rather than a mothers womb, and the government controls every gunpoint of their development, from embryo to maturity. Each new human is placed into a certain class, such as Alpha, Beta, and so on. The embryos are manipulated chemically to stimulate or to hold up their physical and mental growth. By repeating phrases over and over while the children sleep, the government can condition each person to accept his role in the world around him and to behave in what the government deems to be a "safe" manner. This creates a society full of human clones, completely devoid of personality. both person is conditioned to love three things Henry Ford, their idol soma, a wonder drug and sex. In Huxleys book, he portrays several unique characters who struggle with the society. Bernard Marx is a deformed upper class Alpha who constantly struggles with his own shortcomings. A recent woman named Lenina Crowne becomes romantically involved with Bernard, and they both travel to a subdue Reservation, one of the last places on earth where people are allowed to live without the modern amenities such as soma, birth control, and helicopters. Bernard and Lenina meet a young boy and his mother Linda, originally from the civilized world. Linda had become pregnant many years ago, which was an illegal and incredibly disgraceful offense, became lost on a sightseer to the Reservation, and had to remain there. Both savages are brought back to the New World, and the young boy named John, known as the Savage, becomes quite a celebrity. But the differences between the two worlds female chest at the young mans soul as his values and morals clash with those of the new society. Following the death of his mother, he eventually isolates himself from everyone. Sight seekers still surround him in his hideout and drive him to commit suicide in the end. One of the things that makes the society in Brave New World so different from ours is the neglect of spirituali... ...pare time. Since "everybody belongs to everyone else," commitment is a non-issue. The novel deals also with the effects of advances in science and technology on human society. Technology is a crucial requirement in order for the society of Brave New World to form. One might consider whether Huxley argues that science and technology are inherently evil. In fact, he does not. The World Controller states that science is dangerous to the society, since it can destroy stability (231). Since Huxley portrays that society negatively, science an d technology are therefore put in a imperative light. However, Huxley gives examples of how the problems raised by new technology can be solved poorly. When mass production becomes simple, the Brave New World society allows production to profit and requires that consumption increase, a solution that seems flawed by current American standards. Huxley provides a strong warning against the misuse of science. Through factories that produce children, drugs that evoke pleasure, and instruct that replaces families, technology becomes a dehumanizing force. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fertility Drugs Essays -- Research Papers Pregnancy Conception Papers

Fertility DrugsMost men and women are raised thought process that eventually they will marry and confuse children. What happens when a couple gets married and wants to have a child and finds out that after several times of having insecure rouse there is no pregnancy? The finger is usually pointed at the woman but in some cases it can be due to the man. In a womans case, the problem is usually that she is not ovulating normally and in a mans case he might have low sperm count. These are the problems that are most heard of but there are other factors that can cause infertility. An anxious couple quickly turns to science to try and find a solution to their problem. Although taking fertility drugs is the solution, it can be quite strenuous for the couple. The couple has to submit to an emotional roller coaster , possible financial hardship, and a love life that sounds more like supply and demand. Some couples get so tied up with conceiving a child that they do not transport what th eyre doing but rather do it on demand. Their marriages are sometimes threatened to the point of divorce.(p.16, Carr) there is a definite relationship between infertility and perceptual constancy and happiness in marriagemore than one-half of the couples who seek divorce are childless and the majority of infertile couples eventually apply for divorce.(p.16, Carr) When a couple is trying to reckon they will often have feelings of frustration and discouragement. As we see, making the decision of seeking help using fertility drugs requires that both parties be supportive of individually other and really work together to achieve their goal. Between 15 and 25 percent of all couples in the United States are infertile. If youve had unprotected sex for more than 12 months (if... ...rinologist). (www.infertility.about.com) For an application, list of requirements, or basic information about the organization you can visit http//www.fertilityfoundation.orgAlthough this paper is long it does not provide some all the information available about infertility. This paper can be seen as tool. Theres no doubt in my mind that taking fertility drugs is a very big decision. What I learned from this research is that many eager parents put their own health at risk in order to have a baby. Overall, success depends on each case individually and on the severity of your condition and age.BibliographyAbout, The Human Internet. http//www.infertility.about.com . (17 May 2001) Baby Center, Cradle and all. http//www.babycenter.com . (17 May 2001) Carr, Delta Genevieve. fat and Infertile Marriages. Xerox University Microfilms USA, 1975.

Essay --

Abuse of the Second A manpowerdment The St. Valentines Day MassacreSenior Historical PaperAshleigh RogersMr. Todd Gonion Ninety bullets rang through the air, septet bodies mantrap the asphalt, and blood pooled N. Clark Street in Chicago, Illinois. The St. Valentines Day Massacre represented one of the bloodiest, catastrophic maltreatments of the Second Amendment, and illustrated how citizens ignored the responsibilities that came along with the ownership of a weapon. This walloping relates to the theme Rights and Responsibilities in History because it shows a group of individuals irresponsibly taking their unalienable Constitutional rights and using it to solve trivial conflicts with other citizens. On February 14, 1929, the straightforward intentions of the second amendment were massacred as a Chicago gang ignored their responsibilities as gun owners and decimated other citizens. The Second Amendment states A well regulated Militia, being essential to the security of a free sta te, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. As America was once dependent on England, Americans looked to Englands governmental institutions as a base on how to govern the United States. America configured the Second Amendment based off political ideologies that originated in England. In 1181, King Henry issued the Assize of Arms, stating citizens were to possess weapons at all times to secure that England citizens would be protected against foreign invasions. In England, males as young as 7 were required to bear arms to ensure an extensive defense for their country it was considered an Englishmans obligation to his country. In addition, Militias became vital to English life, as they leveled monarchial rule... ...elling example of how citizens took the right of owning weapons for their own security in the home and nation, and used it for venomous reasons. A concept that was effective in the eleventh century lost its value as citizens began to ig nore their responsibilities as gun owning United States citizens. The Federalist foresaw that citizens were going to expunge their right, yet it was still ratified in the Constitution. The discernment of a plan to execute seven individuals conveys how citizens have ignored both the meaning of their rights and their responsibilities. A few individuals decision to configure the St. Valentines Day Massacre, consequentially led to a stringent of regulations placed on gun owners. Violence is an evil thing, but when the guns are all in the hands of me without respect for human rights, then men are really in trouble- Louis LAmour.

Cold war responsibility Essay -- essays research papers

Activity 4 EssayTruman was more responsible for the Cold struggle than Stalin was.President Truman was convinced from the beginning that Stalin intended to take over countries based solely by the fact that there were communist parties present in them. France, Italy and make up China, are perfect examples of this. And in the Greek civil war it wasnt the USSR that was giving aid to the communists, it was Yugoslavia. It was obvious that Stalin had no major plans for any kind of world-wide communist domination. But nevertheless, Truman placed the blame for the growing popularity of communisms political poison on Stalin, and convinced the American people to share his outlook. Without hitherto looking at the fact that no USSR troops were in Greece, Truman and his advisers jumped on the chance to put forward their domino theory. This was a theory that verbalize that if the communists won the Greek civil war, the end result would be Russian control of the whole middle east. He used th is theory to justify force intervention in Greece, and ultimately, his Truman Doctrine telling the entire world that the US was ready for a war. He told the free peoples of the world that the time had come to favor between alternative ways of life the communist way, or the democratic way. Stalin did not do this.President Truman worked with the British Prime Minister to introduce the stigma into West Berlin. While it did eventually achieve his goal of creating an economically viable Germany, i...

Cold war responsibility Essay -- essays research papers

Activity 4 EssayTruman was more responsible for the Cold War than Stalin was.President Truman was convinced from the beginning that Stalin intended to take oer countries based solely by the fact that there were communist parties present in them. France, Italy and even China, are perfect examples of this. And in the Greek civil contend it wasnt the USSR that was giving aid to the communists, it was Yugoslavia. It was obvious that Stalin had no major plans for any kind of global communist domination. But nevertheless, Truman placed the blame for the growing popularity of fabianisms political poison on Stalin, and convinced the American people to share his outlook. Without even looking at the fact that no USSR troops were in Greece, Truman and his advisers jumped on the chance to put forward their domino theory. This was a theory that said that if the communists won the Greek civil war, the end result would be Russian control of the whole middle east. He used this theory to justify military intervention in Greece, and ultimately, his Truman Doctrine telling the entire piece that the US was ready for a war. He told the free peoples of the world that the time had come to choose between alternative ways of life the communist way, or the democratic way. Stalin did not do this.President Truman worked with the British Prime Minister to introduce the Deutschmark into West Berlin. While it did eventually achieve his goal of creating an economically viable Germany, i...

Health Promotion Essay

This is an essay about a thirty year senile woman called mollie who is a little bit anaemic, recently gave birth to her second born called Sebastian. mollie leaves with her husband called James and their three year older baby called Eric.The purpose and aim of this essay is to define wellness and wellness promotion, a brief discussion about mollies anaemic. The key concepts in this essay result be delineate such as health and health promotion. A rational for my jut out will also be discussed as well as the dimension of mollies health such as her biomedical model oh health, her psychological model of health, her kind model of health and also her psychological factors which may affect her wellness such as cognitive factors, demeanoural factors and env weightlift psychogenic factors which support be use to enhance Molly and her familys health.My rational for choosing to write about Molly is that, from research I did, I found out that anaemia is one of the or so common pathol ogical context encountered in primary care. Its consequences, although mild in most cases, are potentially very sever. It was said in August 2009 that about 12,500 have anaemia, and in UK 1 in 7 children have mild iron deficiency anaemia. As this is due to the low red meat levels in our current diet, for mistakable reasons many women of menstruation age also iron deficient.First of all, health is the absence of illness, by Naidoo and Wills(2000), whilst Dines and Cridd (1993) argued that health is a state of complete physical, mental and societal well being, and non merely the absence of disease of infirmity. However, the World health Organisation (WHO 1998) defined as the extent to which an respective(prenominal) is able to realize expectations and satisfy exacts and to change or dole out with the environment. Personally I think being healthy , is the absence of illness.Blaxter (1990) undertook two studies on how various people defined their own health one of a large side view of the population and one from a low social class disadvantaged families. She sight that a negative definition of illness was used, among people be health as the absence of diseases. However, there were clear differences amid the various age groups and between sexes. Younger males likely to highlight issues linked to strength and failness, while older males stressed mental well-being. Younger women focus on vitality and the ability to cope in various circumstances, while older women talk about satisfaction, but also include wider issues such as social family relationships.Howlett et al. (1992) used Blaxters info in a more comprehensive examination of ethnic differences in defining health. Their results recommended that there were differences among the various ethnic groups, with people of Asian origin defining health in a practical or functional way, while people from Afri feces-Caribbean origin were more likely to include fundamentals of health, although the research re sult for the definition of health was not clear however, health is not a simple idea but quite multifaceted, among different groups defining it different ways, this room that, some ethnics think that being physically fit means you are healthy whiles other ethnic groups also think that when a mortal is fit and mentally sick means to them that the person is unhealthy.According to the WHO (1998), health is a move of enabling individual to increase control over and improve their health. However, Tannahill (1996) explained health promotion in greater detail and defined health promotion as health precept, health promotion and the measure of illness. Health promotion is the prevention of ill health and the reduction in number known gamble factors for disease, as well as the increase in social capital and the potency of individuals and communities. Empowerment is difficult to define and has been used to mean different things. Rissell (1994) (cited by Naidoo and Wills 2001) describes emp owerment as the holy grail of health promotion, defining it as process through and through which people become strong enough to participate, share in the control of and influence events and institutions affecting their lives Tones (1995) (cited by Naidoo and Wills) argues that, for individuals to be empowered, they may need to explicate information or decision-making skills and has consistently argued that health education is the mainstay of population health promotion, health promotion will empower Molly to be awake of the dangers of his health.Promoting health therefore means focusing not just on preventing disease but also on peoples social and mental health, therefore health promotion may include preventive activities, education, community-based social action, the creation of healthy environments and policies for example The recent health strategy for England, Saving Lives Our healthy Nation (DOH, 1999), (cited by Naidoo and Wills 2001)suggests that the public, the community and government has a role to play in health improvement and these roles has been identified as (a)Government and national players assessing risks, communicating these risks understandably to the public and ensuring supportive environments for health. b) Communities working in partnership with other agencies to provide better Information and services. (Naidoo and Wills 2001 p280) The 1846 Public Health Act included that topical anesthetic authorities are require to provide clean water supplies and sewage disposable system, the no smoking policy in public areas etc. Tannahill (1985) (cited by Naidoo and Wills 2001) provided some examples of recognized expressive models of health promotion as prevention, health education and health protection.First and foremost, I will talk about Mollys biomedical health which is Anaemia. Biomedical model of health and can be defined mainly as the absence of disease. Anaemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells (RBCs) is reduced or there is a reduction in the level of haemoglobin in the blood. Molly acquired her anaemia in her pregnancy since anaemia is associated with pregnancy in a serious health line of work it is also an important public health puzzle worldwide and the most vulnerable group are pregnant women like Molly. Molly being anaemic could be her iron deficiency which is probably the most common and important because, the physiological changes associated with pregnancy exert a demand of additional iron, which is needed for foetus.Mollys health can promoted here through health education by the health practitioners about the consumption of food that are rich in vitamins, minerals and elements specifically identified as therapeutic for this condition. This education can gradually armed service Molly promote her health. Because health education plays an important role in health promotions as it covers all aspect of activities that help improve the health status of people and their surroundings. Ewles and Sinnet (2003) suggested that health promotion is the action of empowering individuals to enable them takes control over their lives, in order to improve their health and lifestyle. Naidoo and will (2000), further add that health promotion is frequently seen as prevention of disease, often through targeting groups with an increased like hood of developing specific disease.The cusp can be displayed at health clinic like GP surgeries, well woman clinic and hospital reception and wards so that health professionals can use it to educate, council, acquire and empower women and also, be well inform. It can also be displayed at social clubs, schools and super markets so that everyone can get one and not inevitably go to their GP surgeries or hospital before being able to get one. The leaflet has been designed in a way that every individual will be able to read and understand. I believe it is very important to be brief and straight forward when designing a health promotion leafletA e xculpate, I will look at her psychological model of health. This is post natal lowerion. Psychological health is the effect of the mind and the relationship between physical activity and general aspect of psychological well-being for example smoking, alcohol, diet, exercise etc. Mollys postnatal depression can be of a combination of many factors. (Physical, psychological and social). Molly can be depressed in so many ways one can be due to the fact that her having another baby will be the biggest physical, emotional and social factor she will ever experience. Molly preparing adequately to envision her new born baby can be difficult and sometimes laced with unrealistic expectation. If Mollys expectations are not are not met and also caring for her new baby proves to be difficult, she will tend to blame herself. However the postnatal depression can make Molly depress if her baby experiences severe baby blues, or having difficulties in her marriage with her husband and or lack of pra ctical and emotional support or being the holy mother and being ill prepared for the reality of parenting.Moreover, Molly having a negative birth experience, experiencing unexpected complication, like baby born prematurely or unwell and lastly her new born demanding, having difficulties in feeding, experiencing colic and or being frequently unsettled. all these factors will contribute to make Molly depress. Mollys health can be improving her through many different types of therapy and some of these are cognitive behavior therapy. This is where by a person thinks negatively about themselves. E.g. like I am a failure and no one loves me. It could be Mollys thinks negatively about herself. likewise interpersonal therapy, psychologist and psychiatrist.Lastly, I will talk about her Social model of health which is isolation. the social model of health watchfully considers how bigger determinants than the occurrence or absence of disease have an impact on peoples health for example poor housing, air pollution, poor drinking water pencil lead to sickness like cholera. Some of these bigger determinants are a persons culture and belief method or levels of relative income, access to housing, education achievement and opportunities as well as the wider environmental. Molly feels isolated due to the fact that she has got a new baby and would not get the chance to fall in her friends and family as she used to do before. Below is a care plan done for Molly on how she can promote her health? Needs/problemHealth promotion Approach/strategyActivityAnaemia (Biomedical Health)Identify the typical haemoglobin levels that define anaemia in children/adolescents and post-pubertal men and women. Eating iron rich foods and red meat.To take vitamin B complex supplement. Post natal depression (Psychological factor)Assess individual to see if they are under stress, depressed or also thinking about suicidal.Routine screening using the EPDS which is offered to delivered others prior to discharge. Isolation (social factor)Check individual risk factors ReassuranceEncouragementEmpathyEmpowermentThis care plan has been done on how Mollys health can be improved. The Code of Professional Conduct (NMC, 2004) talks about promoting patients interest, by helping them gain access to their health care by providing them with the necessary information and support to their relevant needs, impact knowledge in order to develop skills and make an informed choice about their health behaviour (tones and tilford, 1994). Health promotion brings awareness of obesity and its associated health risks that cause early mortality. Most individual see the challenges to their need to change but refuse to because they dont see the need to , due to still perceived advantages, in this case people need to be motivated to give some thoughts to enable them do something about their behaviour, and if possible set up an action plan with a possible reward system put in place to maintain a successful chan ge in behaviour and to avoid relapse, though there may be occasional relapse to earlier stage (Prochashka and Diclemente, 1984).In summary, irrespective of health promotion strategies and models adopted, health promotion is an effective mean of educating, helping people understand their behaviour and how it can affect their health. This care plan can be useful tool to all health care professional involved in health promotion and because care plan alone cannot have the greatest impact on people behaviour. It is therefore important to advise them on the health risk associated with being anaemic and encourage them make their own choice for a healthier lifestyle.REFERENCESBecker M. (1974) The health belief model and personal behaviour. Throfare New Jersey Slack.Berkman LF, rubbish T. Social integration, social networks, social support, and health. In Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. Social Epidemiology. New York Oxford 2000.Blaxter et al. (1996). How to research. Buckingham Open University Press. Downie, R.S., Tannahill, C. & Tannahill, A. (1996). Health promotion models and values. (2nd ed). Oxford Oxford Medical Publications.Ewles L, and Simnet I (2003) promoting Health A Practical Guide. fifth edition. Edinburgh Bailliere Tindall.House JS. Work stress and social support. Reading, MA Addison-Wesley 1981. Kemm J, and Close A. (1995) Health Promotion Theory and practice capital of the United Kingdom Macmillan press.Lincoln KS. Social Support, negative social interactions, and psychological well-being. Soc Serv Rev 2000(June)231552.Naidoo J, Wills J. (2000) Health Promotion Foundations for Practice. 2nd edition. London Bailliere Tindall.Naidoo, J and Wills, J. (2001). Health promotion. Naidoo and Wills. Health studies An Introduction. London PALGRAVE. P 275-290.Nurising and Midwifery Council (2004) Code of Professional Conduct. London NMCTones K, and Tilford S. (1994) Health Education Effectiveness, Efficiency Chapman Hall. and Equity. 2nd edition. London Chapman Hal l.Umberson D. Family status and health behaviors social control as a dimension of social integration. J Health Soc Behav198728 30619.World Health Organisation (1998) Education for Health, A Manul on Health Education in Primary Health Care. Geneva WHO.

New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management

Why Do We Need Professional Human option vigilance in selling? Such terms as globalization, process centering, and value-based prudence dominate the current discussion of way in retail co mpanies. on that point has been an budge magnitude realization that flock atomic number 18 wholeness of a conjunctions recognize assets. Re- tail means work and serving customers in a direct, ad hominem way. This c in alls for picky actions from retail companies to fulfill the demands of an increasing num- ber of rise up-informed and sophisticated consumers.In view of all the c hanges in both national and multinational contexts, it is ab solutely essential to get the sound people if a argument is to be successful and sustainable. sell is a major labor-intensive industry sector. The refore, companies argon continually challenged to re-organize and adapt their st ructures to become to a greater extent efficient. The necessity for part-time workers, beca lend oneself of long sto re opening hours and peaks in the trading day/week, requires a flexible framework to hone labor processes. Emotionally, the work force necessarily orientation and vi sion in ever-changing times.Human mental imagery management (HRM) has to leave behind a coach, non only to organize, but besides to support employees and m anagement mentally and p rofes- sionally in fulfilling their labours in terms of future participation goals. People argon the driving force behind all transactio ns that occur in retail outlets. In the future world of sell, in that respect allow be an increasing sine qua non to adapt and change towards a more(prenominal) formative and proactive style of HRM. M. Krafft and M. K. Mantrala (eds. ), Retailing in the 21st Century Current and prospective Trends , DOI 10. 007/978-3-540-72003-4_16, ? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 257 258 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen disassemble revisions Changes in Retail The formats of retailing have been evolving continuously over the last 100 years, and individual retailers have changed tremendously in the productions they sell and in the manner in which they operate. Retailing of life-style products impacts directly on the changing culture of our societiesone has only to approximate of the introduction of the Sony Walkman or the Apple I-Pod to grasp the international range of con- sumer ask.In order to provide an expanding product and proceeds range, retail has had to alter and amend its approaches to satisfy ever more voracious and in- creasingly sophisticated consumers. For several years, retailers have had a promi- nent role in todays society in their capacity as employers the retail industry em- ploys one in nine of the UK workforce, for example (Gilbert 2003). Nearly two thirds of employees are female. Therefore, special concepts in HRM are require d to allow for the compatibility of work and family.Gilbert (2003) also points out that The retail sector has had a reputati on for not reenforcement its employees and for having lower pay and monthlong hours than other sectors. coming(prenominal) HRM h as to find a practical ap proach that will lead to the right balance of companies and employees needs in terms of pay ment and hours for the workforce, and service guarantees for their customers. The developments in many Euro pean countries show the changing attitudes of young university graduates for whom retailing now provides modern and attractive go pro spects.However, retailing is still far from the first choice for top graduates and this needs to change. Environmental factors such(prenominal) as economic, loving, political, cultural, and demo- graphic developments are driving the quick changes in the retail business. Retail management and HRM departments have to be aware of all these changes. most of the environmental factors are described below. current Forms of Trading New trading formats have been the lifeline allowing businesses to st rive and sus- tain competitive advantage. New t rading form ats are constantly appearing at both ends of the spectrum.Higher margin goods, nearwhattimes even with designer labels, have coexisted with the increasing demand for more aggressive pricing such as that app lied by hyper market places, off-price retailers, and hard discounters. Often, consumers switch from smaller local anesthetic stores to supermarkets, and increas- ing numbers of consumers are using invigorated channels for Internet and TV shopping. The international press reports the continuing success of new fo rms of online retailing (e-tailing) in Europe and the USA, as strong as rapid changes in Eastern Europe and Asia in use of the Internet.Within these trading formats, new pro- fessions, working careers, and employments are developing very immobile. To succeed, HRM has to recognize and manage these changes in retailing human resource requirements. Exchange of knowledge is one of the basic prerequisites For e x- New Challenges in Retail Human option Management 259 ample, the German retailer tube-shaped bodily structure Group is installing software that will allow knowledge shar ing with sy stematic tr ansfer of all necessary infor mation and skills to METRO Group sites throughout the world.It is imperative for a retailer to co llect and struct ure all exper ience and knowledge fro m d ifferent staffs, stores and country-markets. The challenge in the future for retail company man- agement i n general and HRM in particular will be t o ensure t hat th e right knowledge is available at the right time and in the right place. Consumer Behavior Closely aligned with the blowup of new trading formats are the changing needs of consumers.Increasing social acceptance of women in the labor force has led to the emergence of a new l ifestyle and changed consumer purchasing patterns over the last seve ral decades (Gilbert 2003). present-day(prenominal) consumers are m ore experi- enced, more aware of their important role in the business, and more self-confident than previous generations. Further, as international retailers have found out, there is a great need for retail chains to adapt to local ways, so as to fulfill regional needs and shopping habits, especially in the food business (e. g. , see c hapter by Mierdorf, Mantrala and Krafft in this book).Technology Let us consider what retailing looked like 20-30 years agone little or no EPOS tech- nology, electro-mechanical tills, paper-driven accounting, checking and co mptom- eter systems, perhaps enhanced by a Kim ball tag system to aid stock replenish- ment. Thirty years ago there were not even many supermarketsself-service was just appearing over the horizon for some modern retailers in the 1960s and 1970s. The advent of increasing computerization in the late 1970s started to affect busi- nesses as they adapted to possibilities that began to open up through IT-supported working practices.Processes for controlling, distrib ution, payroll, accounting and, especially, merchandise management systems started to be aut omated during the early 1980s. E DI, s sessning, and bar-coding were im plementedafter heavy IT enthronizationsto lower addresss and increase accuracy levels. Many organizations were d take insized and refocused as these manual processes were converted to more cus- tomer-focused activities and professional preparation chain management. Structural Trends and Competition In Europe and USA, retailing is characterized by increasing rates of market con- centration.This is caused by shareholders requirements for more cost-effective operations, mergers among suppliers, and the growth of technology. Future retail- ers have to be fast and flexible in making decisions about worldwide sourcing and selling. This calls fo r people to acquire skills and contestncies that will allow them to compete success across-the-boardy in both national and international contexts. Interna- 260 Julia Merkel, Paul Ja ckson, and Doreen Pick tional HRM has to consider different ways of working with people in many Euro- pean countries, HRM departments have to cooperate with works councils, which influence companies management thinking.HRM has the role of developing and defining human working processes fai rly an d prov iding for cap superpower-oriented working conditions. Germanys political reason about the consequences of capital- ism in 2005 shows the need for companies to act and communicate on the basis of consistent and balanced argumentation. HRM needs executives who are familiar with developments going on in a society, shifts in cultural values and behavior. To be competitive in global markets, many organizations reduce staffing levels and change to automated processes to lower costs.Beyo nd this, h owever, more pro- gressive ret ailers, s uch as Carrefour, M ETRO G roup and Wal-Mart, have ex panded their offerings they have i nvested heavily in new product ranges, new trading f ormats, an d joint v entures, o r i n shapi ng an d spreading t heir bra nds. Merely cutting investments, e. g. , in the sales force, or opening stores around the world per se i s not enough to meet the demands of the new retail age. A clear schema, stable and IT-supported processes, and correct allocation of financial and management resources are needed for international success the future. Globalization of SourcingSourcing from overseas vendors garner momentum with the conclusion of trad- ing agreements with, for example, the Peop les Republic of China and grants of favored nation status. Manufacturings importance has decreased enormously in most W estern countries since the em erging Asi an t igers a nd l ess expensive Eastern European manufacturers began to dominate the supply of goods, espe- cially, nonfood goods, to the industrialized countries. Consequently, in the West, distribution has become one of t he most promising sources of improved margins as new technology drives down the c ost of logistics.However, with globalization of sourcing, it has become imperative to develop special strategies to enable the headquarters workforce to be aware of international processes, markets, and com- petitors. Further, domestic retail companies anywhere have to also stay on top of emerge global trends. Companies that plan to enter new foreign markets have to carefully consider local cultures, religious values, and national laws in developing their new market entry strategies. All the developments mentioned above are stron gly interrelated.Retail man- agement and HRM have to jointly examine all these change s to m ake adequate and arrogate adaptations to organizational structures, systems, and processes. changing Role of HR Departments HR departmentsoriginally called payroll departments, then relabeled staff man- agement, followed by another m etamorphosis to personnel and then to human resource managementhave been in the vanguard of change management in re- New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management 261 tailing. Many companies have recognize that HRM is an essen tial component in achieving long-term success, and not just a means of repossessing workers.Areas such as the recruitment process, selection, induction, retention, performance moni- toring and evaluations, staff training, development and motivation. Decision mak- ing, and re-sourcing for expansion will continue to demand the professionalism of HRM workers. Personnel in different kinds of businesses have to adapt and change in response to emerging trends. The international HRM professional has to think globally, while rem aining ab le t o fu lfill lo cal asp irations. This i dea is based on Geert Hofstedes theory of cultures. He turned the long-familiar slogan, Think globally, act locally into Act g lobally, think locally. A major task of th e international HRM professional is to provide expertness in terms of interpretations of the local laws and working practices, so as to offer p ractical steps for successful operation of the international retailer. Building the Future HRM Challenges for Retailers Retailing means working in a g lobal con text but sim ultaneously adjusti ng to local needs. We describe below some international challenges to HRM in retail which are connected with national and local requirements. As mentioned above, major retail com panies have decided to invest globally to en sure greater po ten- tial for sustainable growth.Several ret ailers have identified internationalization as a huge oppor tunity for growth. In 2006, about 50 % of the METRO Groups employees work ed ou tside Germany. Th e Am erican retail g iant Wal -Mart, Frances Carrefour, and united Kingdoms Tesco are thr ee more organizations that are aggressively pursuing international expansion. This immediately gives rise to qu estions that require answers in every ar ea of operati on. An swering these questions is mark to successful transformation of a national business model int o an international one.HRM strategy builds on the business strategy of the firm. The HR persons in charge have to be b usiness partners for management, providing strategic and practical working(a) solutions in the form of HR concepts or staffing solutions based on thorough know ledge of the bu siness. Wal -Marts initial attempt at expansion in Germany failedas did Marks and Spencersbecause neither of these companies appreciated the nuances of German retail culture, underestimat- ing local competition and, especially, the price sensitivity of German customers.Carrefours for ays i nto the United Kingdom lik ewise end ed with a strategic retreat. As long ago as in 1989, Dawson stated that Retail is a response to cul- tureand the HRM function plays a c rucial role in assisting corporate man- agement understand and adapt to local cultures. For example, UK consumers resistance to th e use of self- scanners p rovided b y some retailers to r educe queues at checkou ts might have been antic ipated by HR managers interacting with local employees. 262 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen PickStrategic Tasks of HRM Key strategic tasks of human resource management of an international retailer include ? Assisting the retailers top managers who work well over 60 hours a week negotiating myriad tangled issues in a competitive marketplace, cope with stress arising from quick changes, fierce competition, cost pressures, time management problems, and the need to make quick decisions. ? Keeping up to date with continuously developing technology and being able to optimize its usage so as to achieve the right balance between pro- ductivity gains and service gains.HR needs to find answers to the follow- ing question How much technology can customers and the workforce han- dle in the store? ? Dealing with demography, e. g. , an aging workforce in Hesperian Europe but predominantly young and inexperienced employees in other areas of the world, such as Asia and the Middle East. Str ategically, this poses one of the hardest challenges for HR professionals who are compulsory to recruit and develop t alented st aff, offer t raining f or all age gr oups, ens ure a well- balanced age structure, and build up a working climate enabling employees of all ages to buy in and show suitable results. Cross-cultural recruiting and training All cultures have their own alone(predicate) practices and emphases, some of which are obvious while others are more subtle and harder to detect. HR departments need to be able not only to of- fer advice and professional preparation to local managers but also ensure that individuals appointed to these positions are aware of company policies as well as sensitive to the local culture. That is, in international lays, in- dividuals need both a ballpark language and intercultural sensitivity. Identifying and retaining amplyly qualified, extremely motivated individuals ready for international management appointments The role of HRM is to p rovide an international assignment insurance policy that sop ups into account individual prob- lems of expatriates, works around and supports family integration abroad. Operational Tasks of HRM Some key HRM tasks that have to be fulfilled to enable the workforce to meet the needs of customers nationally and internationally include ?Reshaping and r estructuring the workforce so as t o broaden their e xperi- ence by the acquisition of n ew skills Developments like automatic stock replenishment, new methods of conducting transactions, and alterations to the way goods are displayed, have increased retailer employee training re- quirements. Also employees must learn to serve progressively litigious con- sumers wh ile main taining h igh productivity wh ich is essen tial in h igh- volume, l ow-margin e nterprises.P rofessional human reso urce m anagers must train employees on how to balance these oft-conflicting demands for high staff-productivity and great customer service. New Challen ges in Retail Human Resource Management 263 HR Challenges normal Conditions ?Company Strategy ?Added Value Management ?Change Management ?Recruitment and Retention ?Employability and Lifelong larning ?Corporate Governance ?Technology / IT Infrastructure Fig. 1. Challenges and General Conditions for HRM ? The critical resource of most businesses is no longer financial capital, but rather their employees (Barber, Strack 2005).Consequently, identifying and gathering the data for human capital valuation and assessment of the return on human resource investments is an important task for HR managers. ? HRM itself must develop, moving from being a personnel department to its new role as a strategic business partner and expression the basic structural foundation that will enable companies to organize and optimize their return on human resources. The emerging trends that persistently need HR circumspection currently include some of the areas discussed below.We m ake a di stinction betwe en HR challenges and general conditions (Figure 1). In the case of HR challenges HRM has direct influ- ence, while general conditions are contingencies inside which HRM has to oper- ate. This list is not exhaustive, but looks at some selected current trends and needs. Current HR Challenges ? Company Strategy. HRM has to adapt its entire program to the companys overall vision and strategy. It is known that organizations with good human capital management generally create substantially more shareholder value than other companies.The meaning of human capital is especially visi- ble in the case of a merger. The success of a merger depends much more on the competencies of the staff and m anagement than on other aspects, such as finance, IT, and production. Hax and Majluf (1991) feel that it is there- fore essential for well-planned practices and highly efficient HR functions to be aligned with the business of the company concerned. An HR strategy must be com prehensive in the sense of ad dressing all the different per- sonnel and HR activities primaeval to the long-term development of the firms businesses.HRM departments have to conceptualize and structure business 264 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick plans with detailed operations extending from the current to the future state of strategy, organization, and action. These must be based on the organiza- tions mission and common values. ? Added Value Management. This confronts HRM with the critical q uestion of what actions add m easurable value to the business. There is less cer- tainty about the central direction and more about committed management setting the right tone at bottom the organization for defined values to flourish.Commitment in the form of personal engagement and belief in the organi- zation and its concepts is important. HRM has to support this by elaborat- ing concepts and criteria for their evaluation, some of which should be re- vised annually. The following behavioral aspects of the workforce should be included in the HRM concept ? Personal Honesty and Integrity ? Self- demand and Entrepreneurial Style ? Ability to announce the Values and Benefits ? Encouraging Others to Want to Work with the Company and Share its Values Pride in the Company Training and Developing, Coaching, and Mentoring ? Change Management. The most important drivers for change are globaliza- tion, technology, and a workforce that is in creasingly knowledge-based. Ulrich has stated that there is a need to redefine firms performance less in terms of cutting cost and more in terms of profitable growth (Ulrich 1997). Managers have to be able to make changes happen of their own volition and also to support the company in its drive for sustained success. Manag- ers have to be able to empower their own staff.Moss Kanter (1989) states that it is only through true empowerment that staff will authentically contribute to the changing needs of a busi ness, since they will then be doing things be- cau se they understand them and for the right reasons, thinking and reflect- ing on the changes and t heir in all probability impact, and above all feeling at ease with the implementation of change. Change management recognizes the need to reflect on t he managers role in the management of cha nge, the identification of problems, and the ability to make changes in either a pro- grammed or a no nprogrammed manner.HRM has to take accoun t of the risks required for the achievement of change in the company. ? Recruitment and Retention. Employee recruitment and selection is one the most vital HR functions. However, the retail industry is faced with difficul- ties in attracting highly educated people. Nonetheless there is a po sitive trend for change. The challenge for HRM is to show the attractiveness of the retail sector a nd ensure that appropriate training and careers are avail- able, so that this sector can take a leading place in t he competition for available talent.Retail has latter ly been promoting opening up access to its workforce by declared rejection of discrimination on the grounds of gender New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management 265 or race, and, lately, also by employing more elderly persons. It is also nec- essary to build up programs for part-time workers. The ability to value di- versity within the workforce is a strength, provided that this is backed up by continuous training and correctness. Many organizations run courses on this aspect, usually under the title of Inc reasing Self-awareness, as t he ability to understand ones impact on others is a powerful skill.Next, reten- tion focuses on the goal of keep well-performing staff in the company. This depends not only on interesting work, fair compensation, and a motivating climate and management culture, but also on transparent and achievable ca- reer paths combined with a supportive management that provides guidance. ? Employability and Continuing Education. This is a major area of cha llenge to most employers, but especially those who employ large numbers of staff, as retailers do. Staff have to take retraining in order to adapt to a constantly changing external environment.It is a question of brainpower, working envi- ronment, and attitude towards self-responsibility. The future will be charac- terized by the following needs, amongst others ? The need to handle increasing complexity. ? The need f or co ntinual enh ancement of th e ma nagement skill sets known as Life-Long Learning, i. e. the ability to adapt to changing en- vironments, challenges and technology. ? The need for a positive attitude to newly emerging opportunities Manag- ers themselves have to become life-long learners.This is of particular im- portance to the changing generations. The process can be aimed, for ex- ample, at obtaining further business qualifications, such as an M BA, a marketing diploma, or HRM qualifications, or attending training courses on key skills, such as lead ership, or pe rsonal development workshops. Some universities are now of fering masters degree courses on wor k- based acquirement in which projects are directly related to the learning envi- ronment of the individual s tudents workplace.Analysis of actual workproblems can be counted as a credit toward an MA o r an MSc. Classroom training fostering positive acceptance of new structures, top- ics, and technologies is necessary. ? The need to communicate regularly and precisely, and transmit meaning and values fleck the company will provide support, it will be the indi- vidual managers who have to drive their own learning and that of others in periods of intense change, often using technology such as video con- erencing or E-l earning/blended learning to pursue their studies. HRM needs to consult with managers on how best to use modern methods. ?The need for creative management This can be the way to bring new insights into common view or to introduce new issues as an area for the HRM specialist to develop. Many managers are locked into their own reality or their own version of their world, allowing themselves to be trapped into a mind-set of either success or self-perpetuating failure. One 266 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick f the keys to successful business growth is for managers not to allow themselves to be trapped in a psychic prison (Morgan 2001) of t heir own making, causing them always to see retail in one dimension only. Current General Conditions ? Corporate Governance. The recent case of Enron and the difficulties faced by retailers such as Sainsbury suggest that the governance of these organi- zations was grossly at fault in permitting the excessive amounts of power vested in their chief executive officers (CEOs).The nonexecutive directors seem to have abdicated their duties in not restraining the CEOs in their riskier schemes. Expansion, absolute power, soaring costs, and misinterpre- tation of facts and figures appear to have gone unchecked and a t acit acqui- escence to have been entered into, presumably with the goal of presenting stakeholders with a yield that was m ore positive than the reality. As th e impact of the backlash is always difficult to predict, it is likely that HR di- rectors will become more closely compound in the careful examination of candidates integrity and suitability for high office.It is likely that this will slow t he decision-making process within t he board e nvironment, b ut i t might be a small price to pay for a more responsible environment acting in the best interests of all parties. HRM needs to motivate the entire staff of their company, to observe and evaluate the political situation within the company, and to react in a n appropriate way that ca n influence the re- tailers level of success. HRM has the opportunity, and therefore the duty, to influence national and international codes of corporate governance. ? Technology/IT Infrastructure.In some of the ne w and emerging m arkets manage ment has to decide whether to implement a total system with all branches all aligned with the parent company. It can be prohibitively expensive for a branch at the periphery of the organization to lock into a global IT understructure that is geared to operations in Western countries where labor costs are very much higher. Retailers operating internationally rely on com mon platforms and IT structures the decision to be m ade is when is the time right for investments? A major change in retailing in the future will be the worldwide use of RFID technologies.The success of the METRO Group in developing and running their Future Store in R heinberg as a tigh tly controlled experi- ment has ha d a strong impact on t he application of new technologies in real business, since METRO Group has shared the results with industry and with its wholesalers, as well as its IT and logistics providers (see, e. g. , chapter by Kalyanam, Lal a nd Wolfram in this book). The scientific re- search involve s customers reactions to the new shopping methods, and possibly also staff training in the use of intelligent technologies and intro- ductions to available information and changing processes for customers.New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management 267 In conclusion, there has been, and continues to be, a great get across of activity sur- rounding staff appraisal. The management of progression, or performance moni- toring, continues to exercise HRM professionals, who wish it to be as fair as pos- sible to individuals, but also destiny the company to obtain maximum benefit from the exercise. While the strategy should be systematic, it also needs to be continu- ous, with a fully im plemented set of key me trics.A full look at each individuals future, which can be a position as well as a set of personal goals, should be carried out at regu lar intervals. HRM professionals must ensure that line managers can perform this function. Next, we discuss approaches that address current HR challenges in retailing. HR Challenges General Conditions ?Company Strategy ?Added Value Management ?Change Management ?Recruitment and Retention ?Employability and Life-long Learning ?Corporate G overnance ?Technology/ IT Infrastructure Structure Motivation Fig. 2.Approaches to Challenges and General Conditions for HRM Approaches to HR Challenges in Retailing Practice Building up and Keeping Motivation As indicated in Figure 2, HRM has to en sure that the workforce is motivated and trained to satisfy consumers needs. Retailers have to develop the employee value proposition. This means an attractive position with the fulfillment of employee needs and expectations and achievement of a go od, unique image in terms of re- cruiting and keeping human capital. We list below some approaches to retaining an adequate sales force. HR quality cannot be assured without investment.Such investment has to be justified in economic terms and must therefore be constantly monitored ? Planning the HR costs and expenditures for the annual business figure and forecasts ? Supplying key data needed for planning the workforce at all levels and providing benchmark data on key performance indicators, such as average working hours per store opening hour, turnover per w orking hour, profit per working hour 268 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick ? Elaboration of systems to measure the work involved in and results of HRM (training investment per employee, rate of internal job placements, etc. ? Providing common and communicated values of the com pany to give the workforce a strategic framework and common mind-set ? Creating a transparent internal job market ? Offering the staff a perspective for the future and clear career paths ? Flexible models of working times, such as part-time working concepts, an- nualized hours contracts, and balancing of profession and family with the aid of sabbaticals ?Ensuring adequate processes, tools, and budget to allow for members of the workfor ce to achieve their objectives and ambitions Continuing education of ex ecutives and employees within actual training programs and a corporate university ? Training the workforce in soft skills and mentoring to ensure proper align- ment of their values with the companys values and beliefs ? foot of an employee suggestion/inquiry system to improve the process of cooperation ? Recruitment of talented graduates from exchange programs with universi- ties worldwide ? International education within internal exchange programs, with p artici- pants from different countries ? Apprenticeships and e ducations in new professions to build up t he best workforce Sharing company success with e mployees (incentive systems at all sta ff levels, based on parameters that are accessible to employees) ? Offering fringe benefits, such as discounts for shopping at the employers stores, company cars, law programs, retirement arrangements, company nursery/kindergarten, and other social benefits. The Futur e of HRM and Final Remarks Most employees spend a substantial amount of time at work. Some people there- fore consider their job decisions on joining a retail company or some other indus- try in the cont ext of social environment.HRM has to kee p an eye on s uch con- straints, as the retail trade is anxious to attract the best employees. Future HRM will concentrate on encouraging management and workforce and outsource admin- istrative tasks to contractors. In future, there will be more intensive collaboration New Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management 269 and networking with external parties. New professions in retail, such as that of IT specialist, are developing. HRM must also place greater emphasis on ethical work- ing conditions, safer working environments, and equal-opportunity policies (end- ing sex/age discrimination, inclusion of minorities, etc. . In any company, HRM has to build up trust and commitment among all persons working in that organiza- tion. Continued t rustfulness on traditional processes is d efinitely no longer a recipe that pr omises much success. HR m anagement has t o a ssure fast a nd market- oriented actions that are appropriate to complex market situations. HRM will have to set priorities on the HR strategy and its realization, but will be viewed on the operational side more in the role of a serv ice center. In future, the issue of management development will gain even greater importance.To sum up, HRM has to be aligned with the business strategy of the company, to work in keeping with all of its corporate objectives, and to be prepared not only to help in implementing all changes necessary but also to instigate and be at the vanguard of change programs. Further, HRM should be aware of employee inter- ests within the organization yet conscious of its place as the power house when controversial business decisions, such as downsizing, have to be implemented. Lastly, it plays a key role in ensuring that constant retooling and retraining takes place in the operation to meet ever-evolving challenges.Life-long learning should be an integral part of any business, to enable it to resolve to its rivals activities with fresh initiatives within the company. HRM specialists have to ensure the long-term performance of their retail or- ganizations. It is a big challenge for HRM to meet the future needs, and the task is wide ranging. How well HR managers perfo rm th eir fu nction will determin e whether a reta iler registers a sustainable success in the future. We have tried to show in this chapter the comprehensive and central role of HRM in retailing.Re- tail has been and will continue to be an exciting field of business throughout the world. The main function of the retail sector is to wo rk with and for people all over the world, so that retail has the chance to give people interesting and fulfill- ing workplaces.References Barber, F. and Strack, R. (200 5) The Surp rising Economics of a People blood line, in Harvard Business Review June 2005, pp 81-90. Davies, G. (1999) The Evolution of Marks and Spencer. Service Industries Journal. 19, 3, 60-73. Dawson J. A. (2001) Strategy and opportunism in European retail internationalisation Brit- ish Journal of Management, 12, 253-266. Dawson, J. A. (2000) Retailing at Century suppress some challe nges for management and re- search. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 10, 119- 148. Gilbert, D. (2003) Retail Marketing Management, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall. 270 Julia Merkel, Paul Jackson, and Doreen Pick Hax, A. and Majluf, N. (1991) The Strategy Concept & Process. A pragmatic sanction Approach, Prentice Hall. Mellahi, K. , Jackson T. P. and S parks, L. (2002) An explor atory study into failure of a successful organisations the case of Marks and Spencer, British Journal of Man age- ment, 13, 15-29. Morgan G. (2001) Images of Organisation Sage, London Moss Kanter R. (1989) When giants Learn to Dance Simon & Schust er, London Seth, A. and Randall, G. (1999) The Grocers the rise and rise of the supermarket chains, London Kogan Page, Social Science Research, 24, 28-62. Ulrich, D. , Losey, M. R, Lake G. editors (1997) Tomorrows HR Management New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Ulrich, D. (199 7) Human Resources of the Future Conclusions and Observ ations, in Tomorrows HR Management, edited by Dave Ulrich, Michael R. Losey et al. , 354-360, John Wiley & Sons.

Cheating and Video Game Player

imposition is an act of lying, deception, fraud, trickery, imposture, or imposition. Cheating characteristically is use to create an unfair advantage, usually in ones own interest, and often at the expense of others. Cheating implies the breaking of rules. There are plenty ways to cheat, you butt end cheat in a relationship, academically, and in games. Cheating is when a person misleads, deceives, or acts dishonestly on purpose. For kids, cheating may happen at school, at home, or while playing a sport.Some kids cheat because theyre busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. otherwise kids might feel like they cant pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a good reason for cheating, cheating isnt a good idea. At school, in addition to cheating on a test, a kid might cheat by stealing someone elses idea for a cognizance project or by copying a book report off the Internet and turning it in as if its his or her original wor k. write someone elses words or work and saying theyre yours is a type of cheating cal direct plagiarizing.Cheating in video games involves a video game actor using non-standard methods for creating an advantage beyond normal gameplay, usually to make the game easier, or may also create unusual effects which do non necessarily make the game easier to play, such as giving characters different appearances, such as large heads. Cheats sometimes may take the form of secrets fixed by game developers themselves. Cheats may be activated from within the game itself (a cheat code implemented by the original game developers) or created by third-party software (a game trainer) or hardware.Cheating in a relationship is usually a symptom of an unhealthy relationship. It destroys friendships, breaks trust, and causes guilt, anger, hurt and many other minus emotions. Cheating in relationships is not going to last. There are several reasons why cheating, adultery, infidelity and extra marital affairs often occur in many relationships. People are complicated and appearances can be deceptive. Cheating in relationships depends upon several factors. One important factor is the choice of a collaborationist or spouse.If the choice is not in line with what they require or wish, or with what their partner can give them, there is a chance of cheating. Cheating also occurs when people fail to give their relationships priority by putting time and energy into them. Another major reason is the failure to understand the issues that led to infidelity in the first place. Many people do not want to analyze the role they played in the failure of a relationship. In to the highest degree cases, they blame others for things that went wrong rather than look inward for complete understanding.Cheating often occurs in many marital relationships. Communication is here the most problematic issue. For a myriad of reasons, partners get little time to talk about feelings with each other, particular ly negative feelings. In some relationships, partners are not allowed to share unhappiness. Misunderstandings also make people feel that their spouse does not want to hear their problems. So they do not talk about difficulties. The escape of a sense of empowerment, issues of self esteem and unequal partnership are also significant problems in any relationship.

The Situation of Filipino Children and Young People

Almost half of the population in the Philippines atomic look 18 children. With a fast population growth a year, the government has a difficult labor movement in providing children with enough resources to ensure their rights. For many adults and children, a 15-year-old who bears a child willingly or unwillingly ceases to be a girl-child but a tender mother. An 11-year-old who takes on the task of tilling the ?elds ceases to be a boy but a labouring farmhand. A 16-year-old who spends most of his time at a wage-factory ceases to be a young adolescent but a breadwinner.A 9-year-old girl made to peddle her body on the paths becomes a commodity. An 8-year-old boy on the street stealing someones bullion for food is a criminal. Boys and girls loitering in the streets sniffing rugby argon considered dregs of society. Seldom ar their situations seen in the context of pauperism and lack of enate guidance and societal responsibility. As dictated by brotherly practice, a child may be considered an adult when he or she becomes part of social production and reproduction, or when the child performs responsibilities such as making a living or having his or her own family. slice children atomic number 18 not distinguished simply by chronological age, physical and psychological development identifies an age range that sets a general definition of who argon children, that is, ( as well as de?ned by law) individuals below 18 years old. On the other hand, different socio-cultural contexts characterize children and their childhoods. Children have become more than vulnerable as they give in to their families insecurities, societys inadequacies and social exclusion as the marginalisation of the piteous heightens. notwithstanding the circumstances they find themselves in, children, youth, and young people are still developing individuals who have particular needs and rights. They have both vulnerabilities and competencies. They are not simply adults-to-be who need to be moulded or just children who are to be interpreted for granted. Children are social actors and can be active participants in social change. The Philippines is making significant progress in the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Still, meagreness coupled with semipolitical violence pose serious challenges to children.The total number of inadequate Philippine families is estimated at 4. 7 million. The fast-growing population and the failure of home incomes to rise as fast as commodity prices have resulted in more poor Filipino families. Poor refers to those whose incomes fall below the threshold set by the government, or those who cannot afford to provide in a sustained manner for their minimum basic needs for food, wellness, gentility, housing and other social comforts in life. In the Philippines, children who are victims of violence are categorized as children needing special protection (CNSP).CNSP includes child labour children-victims of informa l mistreat and commercial sexual exploitation abandoned and cut downed or children without primary handlegivers children of indigenous cultural groups child-victims of disasters children in situations of armed conflict street children and, children in conflict with the law. Violence against Filipino children are committed through physical and psychological abuse/deprivation that manifest in the worst forms of child labour, child prostitution, begging in the streets, abandonment, trafficking and /or recruitment as soldiers or couriers in areas of armed conflict. almost instances or forms of violence against Filipino children are attributed to poverty. The increasing reported cases of violence against children are the social manifestations of a long history of poverty, characterized by a chronic or cyclical condition of deprivation of basic services that include basic education, health and nutrition services, livelihood or employment opportunities, durable housing and c give outhin g. Poverty has affected several gene confines of a lot of Filipino families that has resulted in inadequate parental capabilities, strained family relationship and corrupted values.Children are products of their environments. Their situation mirrors the realities of their families, community and society. While the Filipino family puts much premium on the welfare of its children, families are increasingly breach down in the midst of the struggle for survival. In the process, children are inadvertently sacrificed. The paragraphs on the next pages are studies of the situation of Filipino children and young people. Poverty and probability of Education If you have an education, you wont go hungry and you live with comforts of a house. You are living a good life. there is Michelle 16 year olds.She lives in Payatas. Life is hard in a garbage town. At such young age children collect and sell garbage. Despite the danger they are forced to work. numerous have had accidents and died. When typhoon Ketsana came, her house was destroyed. Her mom lost her job. With no house and no money for food, Michelle and her siblings could not go to school anymore. Twelve-year-old Marian is one of the millions of Filipino children whose education has taken a backseat due to poverty. The fifth of eight children, she fled her home when she was 10 because she said her jobless parents hurt her.Marian is conjectural to be in the sixth grade this year, but shes currently enrolled as a Grade 1 pupil, learning basic language lessons and maths skills in a public elementary school in Cainta, Rizal. A certain Ate Rowena took her in and convinced her to go back to school. Marian has to introduce challenges in school. Other children tease me because Im still in Grade 1but I dont mind them because this is my happening to continue and finish my studies, she said. Despite the challenges, Marian is lucky compare to thousands of other Filipino children.Education is a right, however today 121 mil lion people cannot go to school because of poverty. The poor would choose to feed the body instead of feeding the mind. They would choose to work in jobs before working for a better futurity in school. Poverty has deprived them from their right to education. Billions of children are experiencing the nightmare of poverty. What does the future hold for them, and for the whole world? Poverty, hungers prevent Filipino kids from getting basic education. Despite the annual increase in the budget for basic education, fewer children are enrolling in schools.Poverty is one of the main causes of the areas poor education record and has affected participation in education in more ways than one. Lack of personal interest came in second at 22 percent, while the high cost of education came in a close third at 19. 9 percent. Other reasons include, among others, housekeeping, illness or disability, failure to get off with school work, and distance from school. The lack of interest among school ch ildren indicates a weakness on the part of the school system to make education interesting for the students.This may be due to poor teaching quality, inadequate facilities and supplies and poor infrastructure. Poverty, social exclusion, school distance and poor health care, are factors that weigh heavily on children and dampen their interest to pursue schooling. The challenge, therefore, is how to make the school interesting and encouraging preferably than intimidating how to make it inclusive, non-discriminatory and poor-sensitive rather than exclusive and elite-oriented and how to make it accommodating rather than restricting.Finally, the education content, process and experience should be made more meaningful to the childrens life experiences by ensuring appropriate, culture-sensitive and values-based interventions. The Education department said hunger and malnutrition are also barriers to participation in education. DepEd started implementing the regimen for School Program und er the Accelerated Hunger Mitigation Plan. It was done with the Health, Social Welfare departments, the National Food Authority and local government units. As a motivation to go to school, it aerates the wrong message to poor children go to school to get one kilogram of rice instead of the value of learning it is also an added burden for children as poor parents encourage their children to attend classes to be able to avail of the daily ration. Street Children There is an estimated 1. 5 million street children in the Philippines. They survive each day by begging, selling or by taking drugs. Would you care to give them a future? The demesne has a high number of street children.Street children are susceptible to malnutrition, vehicular accidents, injuries illnesses, drug or mettle abuse, sexual exploitation, gambling and harassment by police or other extortionists. They also tend to join gangs as a form of protection. A lot of children are also involved in drug trading in their com munities by serving as runners, lookouts, barkers or by doing repacking and cleaning up of paraphernalia. medicine pushers prefer to hire children, because they are obedient and not easily detected. Cebu urban center is a booming centre of trade and tourism in the Visayan region of the Philippines.In Cebu City alone, it was estimated that about 1,300 children were engaged in such activities. Respondents in the said study entitled Childrens Involvement in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Cebu City reported that their environment was conducive for their involvement in drug trading particularly since their barangay officials were also involved in said illegal activities. The need for money was the major reason that drove them to work in drug trading. Most of the children-respondents were drug users themselves and about one-third of them had parents also involved in drug trading. slightly children got physically or verbally ill-treated both by the drug leader and law . Street children are generally thin, untidy, undernourished, and hardly equipped to survive the hazards of usual living and working on the streets. Some of the hazards they face include sickness, physical injuries from motor accidents, street fights, harassment from extortionists and police, sexual exploitation by pedophiles and pimps, exposure to stub abuse and sexually transmitted diseases. The most common substances street children used are inhalants, such as solvents, rugby and cough syrups, followed by marijuana and shabu. cannabis and shabu in particular are destinyd with friends whenever one of the groups has enough money to buy them. Some street children take drugs as often as once a day. Malnourishment More than half million Pinoy kids suffer from severe malnutrition. The next generation of Filipinos will probably be haplesser and lighter if the relative incidence of malnutrition in the country remains unchecked. According to the latest study by the Food and Nutrition Research demonstrate, three in every 10 Filipino children aged 5 and below are stunted or too short for their age while dickens in every 10 children also in the same age range are underweight.Four million Filipino children are malnourished and the number is expected to grow. FNRI revealed that the prevalence of malnutrition is highest in the self-directed Region of Muslim Mindanao, the Zamboanga Peninsula, Southern Tagalog, Southern Mindanao, and Eastern Visayas regions, where up to one-third of children under the age of 10 are either underweight or short for their age. But malnutrition is not just prevalent in rural regions, FNRI said. In Metro Manila, 4 out of every 100 children are underweight and two out of every 100 preschoolers are overweight. Increasing food prices would barely worsen the malnutrition in the country.UNICEF demonstrates that the underlying causes of malnutrition are multifaceted, including economic, social, and political factors. Poverty is recognized as both a cause and consequence of malnutrition. Child Trafficking Human trafficking is a serious problem in the Philippines. Aside from being a source country for human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation, it is also a transit and destination country. Between 60 000 and 100 000 children are trafficked annually, most of them girls. Children are recruited by agents from poor families in rural areas, who send their daughters to the city to earn money.The Philippines has a serious trafficking problem of children illegally recruited into the tourist industry for sexual exploitation. Destinations within the country are Metro Manila, Angeles City, Olongapo City, towns in Bulacan, Batangas, Cebu City, Davao and Cagayan de Oro City and other sex tourist resorts such as Puerto Galera, which is notorious, Pagsanjan, Laguna, San Fernando Pampanga, and many beach resorts throughout the country. The promise of recruiters offers the parents and children attractive jobs in the country or a broad, and instead they are persuade and forced and controlled into the sex industry for tourists.Child Abuse Over 200,000 Filipino children have experienced abuse. The DSWD classifies child abuse cases as abandoned, neglected, sexually abused, sexually exploited, physically abused/maltreated, victims of child labor, victims of illegal recruitment, victims of child trafficking, victims of armed conflict, and others (emotionally abused, etc. ). The regions with the most number of child abuse cases served are NCR, Central Visayas, Central Luzon, Cagayan Valley, and Zamboanga Peninsula. The reduction in the number of cases served came mainly from Zamboanga Peninsula.More than half of the child abuse victims are aged 10 to below 18 years old. Revolting is the fact that about one out of four victims is aged below five years old. By category, more than one-half of abused children served by the DSWD have either been abandoned or neglected, comprising the most common cases. Why are they aba ndoned and/or neglected? Are these innocent children victims of uncalled-for pregnancies, or of abject poverty? After abandoned/neglected children, sexually abused children are the second most common cases. And despite the Anti-Rape Law of 1997 (Republic function (RA) No. 353), the most common sexual abuse is rape, followed by incest and acts of lasciviousness. Rape victims are predominantly female. One wonders whether the prohibition under RA 9346 in 2006 of the destruction penalty originally possible for convicted rape offenders under certain conditions has contributed to this social problem. And quite worrisome is the relatively large number of incest cases, calling vigilance to the partitioning of the family as a social institution. Does the CWC have a program to address this sensitive social issue? Some victims of child labor are only 5 to below 10 years old.While child labourde?ned by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) as the employment of children below 15 yea rs of age and the employment of those below 18 years in hazardous or deleterious work is declared illegal, the government di?erentiate it from child work, which is considered an gratifying vocation for children. In pragmatism though, the distinction is not clear. Even the exemption provided for when parents give consent for their childs engaging in labour validates the reality that a familys economic status decides whether or not a child is forced to work.Victims of paedophilia have been reported in Eastern Visayas, NCR, and MIMAROPA. Most of the sexually-exploited children are either victim of prostitution or of cyber pornography. The child prostitution cases went up slightly. Cyber pornography victims are served in NCR, Central Visayas, Zamboanga Peninsula, and Ilocos Region. And while the absolute number of cyber pornography cases may be small, there could possibly be many more, as is probably the case with child prostitution, who have not sought patron from the DSWD.This sho uld serve as a stern warning about the danger of allowing children unguided access to the Internet. Situation of Education in the Philippines In spite of a constitutional mandate, the budget allocation on education is far lower than required in the Philippines. The impact of economic crisis and the pressures of increasing population are forcing parents to send their wards to overcrowded and ill-equipped public schools. And the school itself is not unusual in a country whose population of 92 million is exploding so fast, and whose education budget is so small, that it cannot find space to teach its children.More children are also coming into the public schools as the economy tightens and families cannot afford the haven of private schools, with their smaller classes. Many children, lesser classrooms This school year opened with a nationwide enrolment of millions of students from elementary through high school, almost exactly a million more than in the previous year. Although the gov ernment began a classroom-building program, the schools are still classrooms short, according to Juan Miguel Luz, a former under secretary of education who works with the National Institute of Policy Study, which advocates better education policies.To squeeze in all the students, many classrooms have been divided into two by partitions. Stairwells and corridors have been converted into miniature classrooms. In the capital, Manila, Education Department figures show an average of one toilet for every 143 high school students and one for every 114 elementary school students. At Munoz-Palma lavishly School, some lavatories have been converted into claustrophobic faculty lounges, while the lounges have been put to use as classrooms. I have 106 students in my class and 90 seats, said Rico Encinares, 34, a chemistry teacher. Everybody has seats if some of them are absent. But if they all come, there are not enough seats. They have to share seats. Teacher- Missing on quality education On ly about 10% of his students the truly motivated ones get a quality education, he said. Individual attention is almost impossible. I dont know the names of all my students, even at the end of the school year, he said. You only remember the ones who are very noisy or very good. But the silent ones who just sit there listening, you cant recall their names. -Teacher- Children in conflict The political violence continues to affect children in the country. Local authorities have been involved in death-squad operations targeting children. There are also reports of children being used by government linked paramilitaries and armed opposition. Children, sometimes as young as 11 years old, have been recruited by armed rebel movements, such as the New Peoples Army, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, and the Abu Sayyaf Group, to serve as combatants, spies, guards, cooks or medics.According to 2005 estimates, up to 13 per cent of the armed group MILFs 10,000 members were children. According to existing studies, usually males between the ages of 11 and 17 who have low educational attainment, mostly reaching only the elementary level. They are usually middle or in-between children in very large low-income families. Various studies have established that many of these children are either on the streets or of the streets when they were apprehended.While a signi?cant number still live with parents or a relative, they are usually out on the streets to eke out a living or are involved in peer groups or gangs, which are usually associated with vices and illegal activities. Justice The age of criminal responsibility is 9 years. Despite legislative and procedural safeguards put in place in 2006 with the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act, children in detention are imprisoned together with adults in poor detention conditions, increasing the risk of physical or sexual abuse.The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child is alarmed over the increasing reports of cases of child abuse and n eglect and the notable deficiencies in domestic legislation as regards penalizing all forms of abuse, neglect and mistreatment, including sexual abuse. This includes alleged cases of sexual abuse of children in the framework of religious institutions. There are also a number of reported cases of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment of children, particularly of children in detention. Many children below the age of 18 are placed with adults in detention.References * http//resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/start/countries/philippines * http//www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/111257/news/specialreports/poverty-hunger-prevent-filipino-kids-from-getting-basic-education * http//newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080705-146662/4M-malnourished-Filipino-children * http//newsinfo.inquirer.net/232299/more-filipino-children-stunted-due-to-malnutritionixzz2YSsYkc6e* http//newsinfo.inquirer.net/topstories/topstories/view/20100204-251263/Over-200000-Filipino-children-are-victims-of-ab use-says-group * http//www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2011/101011_rav.asp * http//www.crin.org/docs/resources/publications/violence.pdf * http//southasia.oneworld.net/archive/globalheadlines/school-education-faces-worst-ever-crisis-in-philippines

Travelling Essay

As for me I prefer to learn about the world travel.Millions people all over the world excrete their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. Its al miens interesting to recognize new things and different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different music.Those who live in the country the likes of to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City residents usually like a quiet holiday by the sea and in the mountains with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lay in the sun.Most travelers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interest them the sights of a city, old churches and castles, reckons of mountains, lakes, valleys, speak ups, waterfalls, forests, different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and birds. Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happy time they had.People travel by train, by plane, by ship or boat and by car. All means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people choose ane according to their plans and preferences. The fasters way of travelling is travelling by plane, but in my opinion the most comfortable is travelling by ship and the cheapest is travelling on foot.If we are favorable of travelling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers and see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study geography is to travel and the best way to get to hump and understand the people is to meet them in their own homes.Nowadays people mostly travel by air, as its the fastest means oftravelling. Passengers are requested to arrive at the airport 2 hours forwards departure time on internation al flights and an hour on domestic flights, as there must be enough time to complete the demand airport formalities. Before passengers get on board the plane, they have to register their luggage. Each passenger is given a boarding pass to be shown at the departure gate and again to the stewardess when boarding the plane.Landing formalities and custom regulations are more or less the same in all countries plot of land still on board the plane the passengers are given arrival cards to fill in. After the passengers have disembarked, officials will check his passport and visa. whence the passengers go to the custom for an examination of their luggage. As a rule personal belongings may be brought in duty-free. In some cases the custom examiner may ask you to open your bag for inspection.As for me, I prefer to travel by plane. And now I would like to tell you about my first travelling by plane. It was in 1998 when I travelled to Italy. I travelled without parents, but with guide and ot her children. I dont remember exactly how much time it took to travel from Minsk to Venice, but I think it must be about 2 or 3 hours.During the flight I communicated with my neighbours, I admired the view from my window and slept a bit. When we are were landing in Venice I looked out of my window and saw the entire city at my hand. It isnt true, that there is no one road in Venice, but only water channels. I can say that only the third part of the city is covered with water. Then the plain landed. So, it was my first travelling by plane.And in the end Ill say that traveling is a nice hobby and a great thing if you want to know more about the world and certainly if you are studying a foreign language.

Show through the movement of verse Brutus’ thought process at 2.1 lines 10-34

This is a soliloquy, designed to get word Brutus thinking and feelings, and also to give the audience a chance to sample his motives. By delaying the action of the play, it increases suspense as the audience enter the mind of a killer and his plotting. Throughout his speech, rhythm, rhyme, repetition and imagery are used to reveal Brutus need to excuse himself. The whole speech is in iambic pentameter. Iambs occur when, of ii syllables, only the second is stressed. Here, death is most stressed, followed by must.moldiness and death contain hard-hitting consonants (t and d) and the combination, along with must, sounds threatening, intent and violent. This rhythmic effect in the first clause sounds determined and terminal so why does Brutus run on? The colon before and, for my part suggests that he feels he needs an explanation for this decision, one that he can justify in general terms (meaning for the general good of the people), if non on a personal level, why he is, quite def initely, going to kill Caesar.The iambic rhythm set up so far is interrupted by lines 2 and 3, with personal and general going from one stressed followed by two unstressed, creating a trickling sound, and supporting a very thoughtful tone. One can feel that Brutus is just trying to persuade himself that killing Caesar will look wish the right thing to do, once he can find a story to justify it. Its not a vicious tone of a murderer and that makes it all the more chilling, as we feel that Caesars life is being weighed in this mans hands. The repeated last syllable is situated in the same place in both lines, creating rhyme.At first, it seems that Brutus values the personal friendship with, and k outrightledge of, Caesar above the general but as he continues, the echo of these two rhyming words is in conflict. The bulk of this speech is spent dialogueing in general terms, never really directing his speech at Caesar at all except to talk of his being crowned and killing him. This explaining of Caesars life would create sympathy for him in the audience, and without this justification Brutus would be simply a base murderer. The poetry of line 5 is typical of Brutus.He mixes beauty with an business line for murder and for a short time, the extraordinary truth about adders in the summer, hidden dangers becoming clear when the plenty is mown and the sun is high, might make the audience believe that Caesar is like an adder. This is the longest line so far, free of pauses, reasoning and worry. But the poetry whips up Brutus own fears. The words bright and brings and the interruption of the iambic skip, with bright day and bring forth both being stressed, creates the effect almost of a drum-roll, erasing whatsoever doubt in Brutus mind that the adder, in the shape of an Imperial Caesar, is not far away.Through lines 6 12 Brutus is again trying to justify killing Caesar. He dehumanises Caesar firstly as an adder and then later as a serpents egg which isnt so dif ferent from the disjoining of remorse from power that Brutus suspects Caesar to be potentially capable of. Although Brutus is trying to persuade himself that this is a political assassination for the good of Rome and the Republic, its easy to notice Brutus is slightly jealous that his old friend, once an equal, is now a god among men. Therefore this is an insight into the possibility that the murder was also personal.These lines are also a period where he is deciding whether or not to kill Caesar. In line 6 he says Crown him that hitting an emotional peak after which he calms himself down speaking in a much lower, less erratic tone. The word But on line 12 is a major turning point in the text. This is where the whole of Brutuss argument lies on common belief not proof. Once again to persuade himself killing Caesar is the right thing to do, he uses a weak argument that says Caesar is employ people to get to the top of the political ladder and when he reaches the top will turn his back on everyone who helped him get at that place.The weakness of this argument is that there are no signs of him ever being evil to his friends before. Brutus describes it as a general model of the common proof that all men grow close with power, which if true would justify killing Caesar while he was in his shell before he could hatch Throughout the soliloquy Brutus appears to be contradicting himself and making remarks that he isnt entirely confident about. To me this shows that Brutus had quite a weak personality and was probably a man under great pressure.

Qualites of an Effective Helper

QUALITES OF AN EFFECTIVE HELPER I believe that ill be an effective assistance because I am caring trustful simple and open minded. I also know What its like self , family tasks I also know the feelings of existence unwanted and unloved is so Powerful that its hard to over come. I am motivated by desire to help all types of people contrive thought their problems no matter how big or little they are. The qualities that I nominate that will make me an effective helper are that I am a good listener, I am open- minded about all most everything even if I dont really understand.I am honest and I dont mind telling the truth to someone even if it hurts their feelings sometimes people need to hear the truth it helps them see it by someones elses eyes, but I also know when to be respectful to other people needs, beliefs and values. I have had some own(prenominal) problems that I think other people may have, I dont mind sharing them with a customer to show them that I have been down th at road in life and with sharing I would hope that it will help our relationship.I dont like to judge people because at some point in life everyone has had some kinds of problems and I have no right to judge we are all human we all equal and learn. I have an happy go lucky presonallalliti so smiling and showing that I care comes easy for me, I have no problem putting myself on the spot to break the ice with a client. I am a patience person, I know that time is the key to help out with the relationship,, I know that it is hard to open up to someone that you think will judge you. I believe that helping a client find forgiveness it the key to most problems and that forgiving ourselves is one of the hardest things to do.I believe that everyone should have respect for all and be understanding, I try to understand everyones views, values and beliefs but when it comes to someone that has sexual abuse or killed a child would be really hard for me because I see children as the outdo gift i n life, I dont understand how any one would want to hurt them in any way. I know that they may have had it done to them . If I had to work with that has done one of those thing I would try really hard to put my feelings aside as trounce as I could. Nicki Prudhomme