Becoming A Fashion Retail Buyer Essay - 1862 Words

Career Research Paper Growing up my thoughts and decisions constantly have changed from one to another. I never can really stay to a plan for so long without changing my mind. However, what I have found that has kept me grounded and staying on course is fashion design and retail. I am able to express myself through this medium and eventually I plan on becoming a fashion retail buyer myself. Also, I want to be involved in promoting campaigns and advertisements for the newest trends. One of the many highlights of this job is being able to travel to different states and even countries to attend trade fairs as well as visit certain suppliers. As a retail buyer, the buyer is responsible for selecting products up to date with trends and to sell them in retail shops. To become a fashion buyer one must attain a 2-4 year college degree. Along with this, when attending college a student should major in either business, marketing, or merchandising. Although internships are not required, except for certain particular business classes or programs, interning could possibly benefit someone to achieve the highest potential in their job. While training a person needs to learn the knowledge of fashion, retail, and economics. I would imagine that one must have first hand experience in retail, which I would assume helps the person train for the job. The company’s I seek interest in are higher-end boutiques because I would be able to sell good quality clothes for a higher price. In cogentShow MoreRelatedBharti Walmart 5 Forces1281 Words   |  6 PagesQ1. Analyze the retail scenario in India in terms of Porter’s Five Forces and investigate the growth across different segments of retailing. Ans: Indian Retail Scenario in terms of Porter Five Forces Porter in 1974 has given â€Å"Five Forces† model to assess the industry environment. Five forces of Porter model which determine effectiveness of any Industry are: 1. Barriers to Entry 2. 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The Industrial Revolution Was A Period Of Time Between...

The industrial revolution was a period of time between 1750 and 1914, in which machines began to replace manual labour. Originating in Britain it was a time of great technological and social change, with the industrialisation having major effects on work, politics, society and environment. The revolution began with the agricultural revolution in which machines replaced the jobs of farmers and many began to move to the cities to find employment. This introduction of machines and increased city population had many affects some were not always positive and lead to the development of trade unions, the working class and the communist ideology. Having grown in popularity and power the Catholic Church was also a major character in the industrial†¦show more content†¦During this time the textile industry had been mainly dominated by farmers wife s, who made cloth for extra money to support their families. However as the technology for textiles grew, what once took five people to com plete now took one machine that did it at twice the speed. As machines slowly began to over ride people s jobs particularly if rural areas family s began to move to large cities sparking the growth of the industrial revolution. As more an more people began to flood to cities the establishment of factories, mills and mines began to develop. However with this increasing population also came increase in job demand and factory owners were able to pay their workers lower wages due to people s desperation for work. The quality of life for workers only went on to decrease with women and children starting to work in order to support their families. The women and children being considered inferior were given the worst pay for longer hours and harder work. The factories were also very unsafe with unhygienic and dangerous working environments. Much like the living conditions workers experienced living in close quarter unsanitary areas. These living conditions were called the slums and were usually make up large apartment like buildings which each room housing up to 5 or 9 people. There was very little room for living and sicknesses spread rapidly due to the unsanitary conditions. With lack of

Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect Free Essays

Have you ever been picked on or made fun of because your nationality is different from someone else’s or the color of your skin? If so, then the person who did it was probably a racist person. Racism still exists within all cultures. Some people won’t admit they’re a racist, but their actions and words prove otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most people won’t directly discriminate other races, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t happen everyday. Many will argue that their race is superior over another, or that the actions of a few individuals of a certain race determines how that race of people are, therefore making them unequal. I think all people should be treated equally, no matter who they are or what they look like.  However, there is no rights to govern how one person might perceive another person so every one can think or act on how they treat members of another race. Who’s to say that if one group of people believes that they are superior over another group, that they won’t display those actions if they confronted by members of that group or race? Prejudice people think that their way is right and they have the freedom of speech to express how they feel. If you were to ask if they were racist, they would defend their actions by saying it is how it should be and it isn’t wrong.  Racism is broad topic to talk about but once everyone realizes it exists in the U.S. they can take steps to trying to talk to their children about it and maybe even change some of their ways in knowing that racism is wrong. It may not exist where you live, but any place that there will be adults, teens, or children of different races interact together there is a possibility of prejudice.Many other cultures are a target for racism, it isn’t just black and white. Japanese, Indian, and Germans aren’t safe from racism. I witnessed all kinds of prejudice against a wide variety of races. I’ve seen other races mistreat whites, blacks, and even Asians.  Basically, racism affects us all. I don’t think it will go away ever because here in America there is such a wide variety of races, and when they are all mixed together, in the neither How to cite Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect, Papers

Recruitment and selection process of Woolworths Organization

Question: What are the internal and external factors that will be influencing or having an impact on the recruitment and selection procedure of Woolworths? Answer: Executive Summary This report will be dealing with the internal and external factors that will be influencing or having impact on the recruitment and selection procedure of Woolworths. It is seen that the company in order to expand its business as well as for launching new products, recruitment and selection method is followed. The company follows a good procedure and fair recruitment process for the new candidates. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. Introduction The recruitment and selection process of an organization is one of the most essential tasks of the Human Resource Department. This is because; the HR department is solely responsible for putting the right candidates into the right positions regarding the requirement and necessity of the organization (Clark, 2010). For a successful recruitment and selection process, the HR department of the organization will be keeping in mind both the internal and external factors. These factors have a great impact on the company and influence the functioning of the company to a great extent. This assignment will be dealing with the recruitment and selection procedure that Woolworths follow along with the internal factors that have an impact on it. Moreover, the external recruitment factors such as social, legal, political and economic factors that have an impact on the selection and recruitment procedures will be discussed vividly. Background of the company Woolworths is one of the largest supermarkets of Australia having its headquartering in Bella Vista, Australia. The recruitment and selection process of Woolworths is very fair and the process is solely dependent on the merit, experience and professionalism of the candidates. The company treats all its employees and workers equally and has respect for each of the work delivered by them. The companys HR department is fully abided by the rules and regulations of the company and follows the Anti-Discrimination law and Equal Employment Opportunity Legislation in the selection and recruitment process. Moreover, according to the Privacy Act, the personal documents that are given by the candidates in this process are also well maintained by the HR department (Woolworthslimited.com.au, 2015). Requirement for Recruitment and Selection Process in Woolworths According to Jack Chen (2011) each and every organization needs a strong recruitment and selection process for recruiting the most deserving candidates for the prestigious positions of the company. In Woolworths the recruitment and selection procedure of the candidates are done on the basis of available jobs or positions within the organization, by examining the availability of candidates for the corresponding position and on the basis of merit and expertise of the candidates. Dessler Teiche et al. (2004) had an opinion that the HR department is responsible for conducting the recruitment and selection process in order to maintain the regularity in the staff positions and for getting best services from them. In order to conduct a successful recruitment and selection process, both internal and external recruitments are conducted that saves the time of the organization and also allows fresh ideas to come inside the organization. In addition to this, the recruitment policy is also essen tial within the organization in order to fill up the human resource gaps within the organization and for better productivity as well as smooth flow of work. Internal Factors affecting recruitment and selection Process in Woolworths In Woolworths, the HR department is efficient and effective enough in conducting recruitment and selection process of the candidates. The internal factors that influences and have impact on the organizations recruitment and selection procedures are explained below- Recruitments policy- Arlot and Celisse (2010) commented on the fact that the recruitment policy within the organization identifies the objectives of Woolworths, the objectives of the organization, policies and preferred sources of recruitment. These factors help in understanding the requirement of the recruitment and influence the recruitment policy of the company. Initially, the recruitment policy provides framework for the accomplishment of recruitment curriculum. According to Nkhungulu Mulenga and Van Lill (2007) the Woolworths has implemented the recruitment programs for the successful filling up of the vacancies with the best candidates. Woolworths is fair in this process and is bounded by the recruitment policies and rules so as to attract the candidates to attain the recruitment sessions. Size of the firm- Wheatley (2010) commented on the fact that the size of the firm affects the recruitment and selection procedures of the company. If the company is planning to increase its product line or expand its operations, then the organization will be recruiting more people for more production and services. According to Van den Brink et al. (2006) Woolworths has a good recruitment and selection procedure when it comes across expanding its business and introducing new products into the market. The organization is bounded by the rules and regulations of the recruitment and selection procedure so the company is successful in retaining as well as sustaining the customers. Though the size of Woolworths is huge, still it works hard for expanding its business and products for occupying a prestigious position globally. Cost- According to Zhao and Liden (2011) cost is an essential part of the organization that affects the recruitment and selection procedure of the company. The selection and recruitment process is a cost effective process, so before undergoing the process, the organization initially understands the cost of the process as well as need of the process. Woolworths is a big organization and there is a requirement of recruitment of new employees for the vacant position as well as when the organization is expanding itself. Growth and expansion- Ofori and Aryeetey (2011) commented on the fact that the organization is focused on recruitment and selecting new candidates when it is planning for growth and expansion of the organization. The organization in order to have fresh ideas from outside and for having more experienced people, recruitment process is essential. It is to be noted that Woolworths being a huge supermarket in Australia is expanding itself more and occupying a higher position in the world. As a result, there is necessity of new and fresh ideas, which is resulting in recruitment and selection process of the organization. According to Field and Siavelis (2011) the organization has a very strong recruitment process since the organization recruits the best people with merit, experience and energy in the organization. Human Resource Planning- The human resource planning is essential in the organization since it helps the HR department to understand the gaps present in the human power within the organization. According to Cerrito and McLean (2010) the number of employees is Woolworths is rising in a considerable amount since the company is expanding itself as well as launching new products. Being a HR consultant, one can easily understand the requirement of the recruitment policies that will be helping the company in understanding the gaps and filling it correspondingly within the organization. External Factors affecting the Recruitment and Selection Process in Woolworths Woolworths is highly focused in maintaining the external factors that have an impact on the recruitment and selection procedures of the company. For a fair recruitment procedure as well as for the satisfaction of the employees and for retaining them, the below mentioned factors are well explained- Social Factors- Cordner and Cordner (2011) commented on the fact that the social factors have a strong impact in the recruitment and selection procedure in Woolworths. This is because, Woolworths being a prestigious company in Australia need to recruit and select the best candidates for the organization. It is to be remembered that the culture of the company is dependent on the recruitment of the employees and retaining the same. According to Edenborough (2005) the culture need to be co-operating and friendly for retaining the employees within the organization. The recruitment procedures need to be fair enough and based on the merit and expertise of the employees and the vacancies within the organization. This fair procedure of recruitment and selection will ultimately satisfy the new candidates and they will tend to retain in the company. Legal Factors- According to Van den Brink et al. (2006) the HR department needs to be abided by the rules, laws and regulations of the company as well as with that of the Governments. The international laws of employment, labor laws etc. need to be maintained within the organization for the better performance and to stay legally safe. Wheatley (2010) had a view regarding the legal factors of the Woolworths is that the organization maintains the privacy of the employees by safeguarding and securing the essential documents within the organization. Moreover, the other legal factors such as Discrimination in employment and Discrimination in wages need to be avoided. Preferably the candidates should be given salary and wages as per the standard rules of the industry. Political Factors- Jack Chen (2011) commented on the fact that the political factors of the organization are also important to be considered within the organization for a fair recruitment and selection method. The political factors need to be abided by the laws and regulations of the place or country where it is doing the business. For Woolworths, the political laws, rules and regulations of Australia need to be focused and abided by it. According to Yan et al. (2010) the HR department of Woolworths is efficient in maintaining the labor laws, the employment laws and is also concerned with the national security of the country. Economic Factors- The economic factor is equally important for the HR department of Woolworths to be concerned with. It plays an important role in the organization and affects the recruitments and selection procedure of the company. Edenborough (2005) commented on the fact that the economic factors include the economic situation of the company as well as economic condition of the country. The recruitment and selection procedure of Woolworths is required to be considered when the company wants to expand its business or wants to launch new products. Recruitment and Selection Portfolio Figure 1: Recruitment and Selection of Woolworths (Source: Yan et al.2010, pp.430) Recommendations The organization in order to get the best quality human resources performs the recruitment and selection procedures. Woolworths is no exception to it. The organization need to focus more on the cost on the incentives and appraisals of the existing employees. Moreover, the company also needs to focus and strengthen the policies of the HR department, so there will be a fair process of recruitment and selection. This is to be remembered that a fair recruitment policy helps in attracting more employees which not only increases the manpower but also fills up the gaps within the organization. It increases the productivity as well as also increases the employee retention. Conclusion This report has explained the impact of both internal and external factors on Woolworths in the recruitment process. The internal factors include the size of the firm, recruitment policy, human resource planning, cost and growth and expansion. These factors have a great impact and influence the recruitment and selection procedures of the employees that help in rapid and successful expansion of the organization. In addition to this, the external factors such as economic, legal, social and political are also essential to focus on since it has an impact on the organizational recruitment policies. Reference List Books Dessler Teicher., Dessler, G. and Teicher, J. (2004)Recruitment selection, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Education Australia Edenborough, R. (2005)Assessment methods in recruitment, selection, and performance, London: Kogan Page Journals Arlot, S. and Celisse, A. (2010) A survey of cross-validation procedures for model selection,Statist. Surv., 4(0), pp.40-79 Cerrito, J. and McLean, G. (2010) Developing content-valid selection procedures: What every HPT and HRD professional should know,Perf. Improv., 49(2), pp.29-35 Clark, M. (2010) Experiencing recruitment and selection,British Journal of Guidance Counseling, 38(1), pp.137-139 Cordner, G. and Cordner, A. (2011) Stuck on a Plateau?: Obstacles to Recruitment, Selection, and Retention of Women Police,Police Quarterly, 14(3), pp.207-226 Field, B. and Siavelis, P. (2011) Endogenizing legislative candidate selection procedures in nascent democracies: evidence from Spain and Chile,Democratization, 18(3), pp.797-822 Jack Chen, E. (2011) A revisit of two-stage selection procedures,European Journal of Operational Research, 210(2), pp.281-286 Nkhungulu Mulenga, C. and Van Lill, B. (2007) Recruitment and Selection of Foreign Professionals In the South African Job Market: Procedures and Processes,SA j. hum. resour. manag., 5(3), pp. 78-96 Ofori, D. and Aryeetey, M. (2011) Recruitment and Selection Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises: Perspectives from Ghana,IJBA, 2(3), pp. 46-87 Van den Brink, M., Brouns, M. and Waslander, S. (2006) Does excellence have a gender?,Employee Relations, 28(6), pp.523-539 Wheatley, S. (2010) Making the Right Investment Recruitment and Selection,Legal Information Management, 10(04), pp.279-282 Yan, J., Wu, Y. and Zhang, W. (2010) Biodata as A Personnel Recruitment Selection Approach in China:Assessment and Its Validity,Acta Psychologica Sinica, 42(3), pp.423-433 Zhao, H. and Liden, R. (2011) Internship: A recruitment and selection perspective, Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), pp.221-229 Websites Woolworthslimited.com.au, (2015)Quality Brands and Trusted Retailing - Woolworths Limited, Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]

Feminism Women Equal Essays - Gender Studies, Abortion,

Feminism Women Equal annon Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century; however, gender equality has recently been threatened within the last decade. Blatantly sexist laws and practices are slowly being eliminated while social perceptions of women's roles continue to stagnate and even degrade back to traditional ideals. It is these social perceptions that challenge the evolution of women as equal on all levels. In this study, I will argue that subtle and blatant sexism continues to exist throughout educational, economic, professional and legal arenas. Women who carefully follow their expected roles may never recognize sexism as an oppressive force in their life. I find many parallels between women's experiences in the nineties with Betty Friedan's, in her essay: The Way We Were - 1949. She dealt with a society that expected women to fulfill certain roles. Those roles completely disregarded the needs of educated and motivated business women and scientific women. Actually, the subtle message that society gave was that the educated woman was actually selfish and evil. I remember in particular the searing effect on me, who once intended to be a psychologist, of a story in McCall's in December 1949 called A Weekend with Daddy. A little girl who lives a lonely life with her mother, divorced, an intellectual know-it-all psychologist, goes to the country to spend a weekend with her father and his new wife, who is wholesome, happy, and a good cook and gardener. And there is love and laughter and growing flowers and hot clams and a gourmet cheese omelet and square dancing, and she doesn't want to go home. But, pitying her poor mother typing away all by herself in the lonesome apartment, she keeps her guilty secret that from now on she will be living for the moments when she can escape to that dream home in the country where they know what life is all about. (See Endnote #1) I have often consulted my grandparents about their experiences, and I find their historical perspective enlightening. My grandmother was pregnant with her third child in 1949. Her work experience included: interior design and modeling women's clothes for the Sears catalog. I asked her to read the Friedan essay and let me know if she felt as moved as I was, and to share with me her experiences of sexism. Her immediate reaction was to point out that Betty Friedan was a college educated woman and she had certain goals that never interested me. My grandmother, though growing up during a time when women had few social rights, said she didn't experience oppressive sexism in her life. However, when she describes her life accomplishments, I feel she has spent most of her life fulfilling the expected roles of women instead of pursuing goals that were mostly reserved for men. Unknowingly, her life was controlled by traditional, sexist values prevalent in her time and still prevalent in the nineties. Twenty-four years after the above article from McCall's magazine was written, the Supreme Court decided whether women should have a right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade (410 U.S. 113 (1973)). I believe the decision was made in favor of women's rights mostly because the court made a progressive decision to consider the woman as a human who may be motivated by other things in life than just being a mother. Justice Blackmun delivered the following opinion: Maternity, or additional offspring, may force upon the woman a distressful life and future. Psychological harm may be imminent. Mental and physical health may be taxed by child care. There is also a distress, for all concerned, associated with the unwanted child, and there is the problem of bringing a child into a family already unable, psychologically and otherwise, to care for it. In other cases, as in this one, the additional difficulties and continuing stigma of unwed motherhood may be involved. (See Endnote #2) I feel the court decision of Roe v. Wade would not have been made in 1949. Even in 1973, it was a progressive decision. The problem of abortion has existed for the entire history of this country (and beyond), but had never been addressed because discussing these issues was not socially acceptable. A culture of not discussing issues that have a profound impact on women is a culture that encourages women to be powerless. The right of abortion became a major issue. Before 1970, about a million abortions were done every year, of which only about ten thousand were legal. Perhaps a third of

Literature Review Research Paper Example

Literature Review Research Paper Example Literature Review Paper Literature Review Paper You may wish to write on a broad topic such as en of the chapter or lecture topics, or you may refine this down to any aspect or particular issue within these topics. The only restriction is the topic must come from the unit content. How many references do you expect? A literature review is a scholarly review of a body of work. That means you need to use a comprehensive range of peer reviewed literature. When you undertake a data base search you can refine the results requesting scholarly articles only. If you are uncertain as to what this term means or where to find scholarly peer reviewed articles in your search, please talk with a librarian. Generally speaking one reference per 100-200 words would be appropriate so a 2000 word literature review would have between 10-20 references. In addition, your references should come from Journal articles rather than text books. One text is usually sufficient, and few if any internet sources. What referencing style do you expect? I do not mind whether you use PAP or Harvard as long as you are consistent. The following link provides an explanation and examples of these styles: https:// www. Citrate. Quit. Du. AU/What is a literature review? A literature review is a critical analysis of published sources, or literature, on a particular topic. It is an assessment of the literature and provides a summary, classification, comparison and evaluation. The literature review is generally in the format of a standard essay made up of three components: an introduction, a body and a conclusion. What is the purpose off literature review? N writing the literature review, the purpose is to convey to the reader what knowledge and ideas have previously been established on a topic and their strengths and weaknesses, even their particular issues in application. Many people suggest that a literature review is not done in the real world. YES it is! Just in a slightly different form. Any substantial or effective report on any topic requires the writer to put in some information (usually in a section near the beginning) about what other people have found, are doing, through a review of the offerings in the literature. Does a literature review follow any particular structure? The following structure addresses the key requirements of a literature review: Introduction (identifying your topic and the general structure of your review). Should not exceed 10% of word count. Identify key authors (seminal work in the area) Present an overview of your topic Identify main issues, findings and common themes or trends. Identify research/ authors that support a particular position Identify that research which offers different alternatives Present the current debates on these issues. What are the findings of current research? Did they support existing theory? Did they challenge existing theory? Did they contribute to a new paradigm? What are the strengths/limitations of the research? Make recommendations for future research OR acknowledge the implications for anthropometry human resource practice Brief conclusion Tips on structure A common error in literature reviews is for writers to present material from one author, followed by information from another, then another. The way in which you group authors and link ideas will help avoid this problem. To group authors who draw similar conclusions, you can use linking words such as: also additionally again similarly When authors disagree, linking words that indicate contrast will show how you have analyses their work. Words such as: however conversely on the other hand nonetheless indicate to your reader how you have analyses the material. At other times you may want to qualify an authors work (using such words as specifically, usually or generally) or use an example (thus, namely, to illustrate). In this way you ensure that you are synthesizing the material, not Just describing the work already carried out in your field. Tips on writing In a literature review you must paraphrase literature and reference the source. You should not use more than two direct quotes. You must not copy literature word for word- this is plagiarism. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism is the act of misrepresenting someone elses work as your own. It basically means that you: copy word for word without using quotation marks and citing the source summaries/paraphrase without referencing use/develop someone elses idea without referencing it use experimental results, research data, statistics and so on without referencing the source paraphrase too closely to the original (even if the source is cited) I have never written a literature review before. What should I do? Dont be intimidated by the concept of writing a literature review. This unit is a foundation unit. Writing a literature review is a key skill and activities are designed to develop your abilities in information retrieval; critical analysis; and evaluation; in units throughout the program. You may make an appointment for individual consultation with the language and learning advisor in the School. Language and Learning support in IQ-JET Business School for all students: Post Graduate Student Learning advisers IQ-JET Business School provides additional language and learning support for students whose first language is not English. This helps you to develop the language and academic skills you need to succeed in your studies at IQ-JET. The Language and Learning Advisor (LA) in the school of Management is Julie Massive (JAZZ). Please see the administration staff at the counter on the 9th floor of Z Block to arrange an appointment to meet the learning advisor. The Blackboard site provides resources and further information. You can also find links and resources to help you develop your academic English at the IQ-JET Business School Language and Learning Support Blackboard site which is now available to all students and staff through the community Blackboard. Other useful resources https://www. Dwelled. Library. Quit. Du. AU/ https://owl. English. Purdue. Du/owl/ What sort of language is used in a literature review? The following is an excerpt from a (500) word literature review and provides an example of the language used: Expectancy theory is one of many systematic explanations dealing with employee motivation. Developed by Victor Broom in 1964 and later expanded upon by Porter and Lawyer in 1968, expectancy theory is based on the premise that the amount of effort expended by employees on a task is dependent on the nature, amount or attractiveness of the reward s/he expects to chive in return (Dublin, Dahlias Miller, 2006). Expectancy theory stipulates that an individuals propensity to act in a certain way is determined by three key factors (Bartok, Teen, Matthews, ; Sahara, 2008). These are perceptions of expectancy, instrumentality and valence, each representing a distinct relationship (Broom, 1964). Motivational Force (MFC) can be calculated through the use of the formula MFC=E x I x V. Since the three factors are multiplied, a change in any one will have a significant effect on an individuals motivational state (Isaac, Zero Pit, 001). Put simply, the international chain can only be as strong as its weakest link. As a process theory of motivation, expectancy theory describes a decision making process based on subjective perceptions of external interactions (Fudge Clatters, 1999). Thus, extrinsic motivators are used to explain why workers engage in certain behaviors (Shaming, 1990). It is therefore assumed that individuals make conscious decisions to maximize self interests. Expectancy refers to the perceived relationship between the effort contributed to a task and the level of performance achieved as a result (Broom, 1964). However, it can be weakened by the effect of external factors (such as favoritism or bias) on performance levels (Robbins, Judge, Millet, Waters-Marsh, 2008). Similarly, instrumentality depicts the relationship between a specified level of performance and a reward or outcome (Friedman, Cox Maier, 2008). A perceived lack of correlation between these factors will result in low motivation (Robins et al. , 2008). Valence is the personal value or attractiveness of a reward, established through reference to an individuals goals (Lawyer ; Settle, 1973).

Internationl Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Learning Irregular Verbs In English

Learning Irregular Verbs In English INTRODUCTION The present report contains the results of the investigation carried out at Higà ¼erito Basic School. It is evident that the goal of grammar instruction is to enable students to carry out their communication, Purposes, thereby getting involved with all those difficulties students have had for years to learn and use irregular verbs is highly important for teachers of English as a foreign Language. This Research has three Different Chapters: Chapter I, Presents the historical context of the Educational Center, it shows the External or geographic aspects of Higà ¼erito Basic School, There ´s an analysis of the Socio Economic and cultural characteristics of the Educational Center, In addition the philosophy of Higà ¼erito Basic School. The second chapter of this investigation states the difficulties in Learning Irregular verbs which is the basis of this research, It is analyzed here different aspects and methods of teaching irregular verbs such as; Infinitives matching and grouping, presentation, infinitives, unfamiliarity with infinitives, infinitives matching, The present continuous tense as matter of priority, categorization of irregular verbs and some strategies to teach irregular verbs. Chapter III, Is where the result of the investigation is presented. Firstly this chapter shows the results of the interview directed to the English teachers of Higà ¼erito Basic School and the results of the survey applied to the students of this Educational Center. JUSTIFICATION Teachers are always trying to find new and easily comprehensible ways to teach different parts of grammar, especially for the challenge that teaching irregular verbs represents. It hasnt been easy to deal with irregular verbs or make students understand how to use them. We felt motivated to investigate about it, because as English students we have also had difficulties with the acquisition and usage of irregular verbs. It is highly important to have all kind of information about the process of teaching irregular verbs, because we are thoroughly sure that as future English professionals will need to use them in a current conversation or in the classroom. This research will not only be important for us, it will also be important for those readers who share the benefits of the results of this investigation. The advantages of overcoming the difficulties that most teachers and students have with irregular verbs will contribute to improve the teaching and learning process that so far has been obstructed. METHODOLOGY This investigation was documentary and it was carried out in the field too, considering these, and the best and ideal ways to obtain excellent results and to count with the correct tools to understand the target problem of this research. In this investigation were used the descriptive and analytical methods, this report starts with a problem that is affecting most of the schools of our country in order to analyze a particular situation that is happening in Higà ¼erito Basic in San Juan de la Maguana Dom. Rep. All the possible elements that concern to this research were summarized and the results of the analysis were summarized. For more credibility and trying to give a realistic out look to Different sources were analyzed: Research, Books, on line technology and surveys at Higà ¼erito Basic School; teachers and students were interviewed CHAPTER I: CHAPTER I GENERAL CHARACTERICTISC OF THE HIGUERITO BASIC SCHOOL 1.1- Historical context of the Educative center. 1.2 External or Geographic Aspects 1.2.1- Socio Economic and Cultural Characteristics of the Center. 1.3 Internal Characteristics of the School 1.3.1 Description of the infrastructure. 1.3.2 Philosophy of the Educative Center. 1.3.3- Strengths and weaknesses of Higà ¼erito Basic School. 1.3.4- Problems of the Educative Center. 1.3.5- Statistics of Higà ¼erito Basic School CHAPTER I General Characteristics of Higà ¼erito Basic school This chapter I presents important information concerning to the historical context of the Educational Center, the Geographical location of Higà ¼erito Basic School, The Socio Economic and Cultural Characteristics of the Sector; This chapter also presents the internal characteristics of the school, it focuses the infrastructure; In addition it presents the philosophy of the Educational Center, the Strengths and weaknesses of Higà ¼erito basic school whereas the problems of the Educational Center and the Statistics of Higà ¼erito basic School. I. I. Historical context of the Educational Center. The first pavilion of the school was made of wood in 1953, by this time the principal was Mrs. Batida Ruiz, later they built three more classrooms, and three more teachers were hired. In 1970 teacher Ana Isolina de la Cruz was in charge of the school, in 1970 there was a staff of 2o teachers. Under Mrs. De la Cruz administration a second pavilion was built in 1982. Finally in 2001 Higà ¼erito Basic School was managed by Lida. Francisca Mirella Rodriquez. 1.2 Geographical Location of the Higà ¼erito Basic School This Urban School Belongs to Region 02 District 02-06. It is located in the Northern part of the city at 151 Anacaona Avenue in San Juan de la Maguana Dominican Republic. In the northern part of Higà ¼erito Basic School theres a neighborhood called, project 20 of the Ensanche Anacaona. South of the school theres a belt way Better Known as Circumvallation San Juan Bautista. East of the school, its located the Fire Fighter building and to the west La Altagracia Neighborhood. 1.2.1- Socio Economic and Cultural Characteristics of the sector. To talk about the Educational preparation of the, or background of the people, who live in this area it is necessary to present this topic focusing on the different sectors that are surrounding the educational center. The people, who live in the Eastern part of the school, are teachers, some of them are working and others are retired. Those people who live north of the school have an average level of education, most of the students that attend this school belong to this area, and they come from humble homes lots of economic adversities. San Juan de la Maguana is well known as El Granero del Sur, for its grain production, there by most of these people income depends on agriculture this activity is the economic support of the citizens, all around this educational center there are, some liquor stores. Concerning to cultural aspects, it is well known that every educational center that provides any kind of service to the community has its own beliefs and culture, which is well identified in students behavior. San Juan owns a rich culture with multiple traditions such as saint patrons party, in honor of John the Baptist. These parties are celebrated from June 15th to June 24th each year. This belief is part of every child and it is part of the school and the community. The school participates in all the activities promoted by different institutions of the community. 1.3- Description of the Infrastructure of the Higà ¼erito Basic School. The infrastructure of Higà ¼erito basic school looks in good conditions, Nowadays the School is made of blocks. It has 17 classrooms, Higà ¼erito School has an area of 466, 43 Mts. And each classroom measures 5.29mts. And 6.44 mts. There are only two bathrooms for the students which are not enough for the amount of pupils. The furnitures are not in good conditions, they need to be fixed. In the inside part of the school it could be observed certain amount of garbage in the yard and in the halls. There is a bad smell that comes out of the bathrooms this situation is affecting the students health. 1.3.1 Internal Characteristics of Higà ¼erito Basic School At present this School is been managed by a principal, for a better management it also has a procedures Staff, a cooperative team and a pedagogic team pretending to guarantee the application of the contents proposed by the curriculum. 1.3.2 Philosophy of the educative Center The project of Center of Higà ¼erito Basic School States the vision and mission of this school, it pretends to guarantee the preparation of all of the students increasing the reinvestment of values, attitudes and talents, making of those teenagers competent people. With the effort of dedicated teachers and following the guidance of the curriculum the image and the prestige of the school is going up. Some important values that make part of this school priority are: dignity, love, solidarity, discipline, responsibility, respect, collaboration, empathy, partnership, faith, honesty, creativity, humbleness, hygiene and sincerity. 1.3.3 Strengths and weaknesses of Higà ¼erito Basic School. According to the information compiled from the project of center this school, it may be quoted the following strengths: The teachers who come to this school are qualified teachers, willing to work with a high spirit of compromise, responsibility and desire to improve. The school is located away from disturbing places in benefit of those who take classes in this Educative Center. This Educative center contemplates as weaknesses: Lack of Library equipment, counseling Department, equipment and adequate school supplies. 1.3.4 Problems of the educative center The problems that are quoted in the project of center of this school are : indiscipline in the classroom, the student have reading problems, The process of teaching technical areas has become one of the biggest problems of the school because those technical areas as English and French require experienced teachers and this school doesnt have these teachers yet. CHAPTER II Difficulties in Learning Irregular Verbs 2.1 Difficulties Learning Irregular verbs. 2.1.1 Infinitives Matching and grouping. 2.1.2 Presentation, practice, production. 2.1.3 Unfamiliarity with infinitives 2.1.4 Infinitives matching. 2.1.5 The present continuous tense as matter of priority. 2.1.6 Categorization of irregular verbs. 2.1.7 Database making and strategies to teach irregular verbs. THE Difficulties in Learning Irregular verbs The chapter II of This research is based on the analysis of the difficulties in learning irregular verbs, here it is presented the infinitive matching and grouping activities and some methods such as presentation, practice and production, it is also treated here the unfamiliarity with infinitives, infinitive matching, the present continuous tense as a matter of priority as well as the categorization of irregular verbs and some strategies to teach irregular verbs. 2.1 Difficulties Learning Irregular Verbs. For learner of English, irregular verbs represent one of the most difficult aspects of the language. Normally because they are presented in the form of alphabetical lists. Never take into account the actual occurrence of these verbs. Irregular verbs haunt learners of English from the beginning to the end of their studies. Teachers are always trying to find new and easily comprehensible ways to teach different parts of grammar. The past tens and the perfective aspect on the verb are two rather difficult areas for ESL Learners all over the world. ESL Learners usually try several hypotheses before they can handle the past tense confidently. Especially, the irregular past poses problems for learners. If they could be organized in a morphonemic classification, to make it easier for the learners to create file/ folders that they can easily accommodate them in their learning process, and if the learning load can be reduced thereby, learners can grasp and remember them better and faster. In English, majority of the verbs go through 4 forms, with an exception of modal auxiliary verbs. These forms are: 2 tense forms and 2 aspects for The verbs in English behave in four different ways in the past tense: I. There is a regular past tense form: 2. There is an irregular past tense form wherein it takes any shape, which is not easily predicted. 3. There is a vowel change past tense form in which on vowel in the verb changes to form the past tense, while the rest of the verb shape remains the same. 4. There is a no change past tense form wherein the verb remains as it is. The irregular verbs have hardly any resemblance with the original form of the verbs and therefore their past form is unpredictable. 2.1.1 Infinitives matching and grouping The students are encouraged to match and group infinitives in a logical way. Hence, when they star dealing with the past simple tense, they have become familiar with the infinitives, so the primary barrier is eliminated. The list of irregular verbs with all three forms is then cat into pieces and the students are asked to categorize the irregular verbs on the basis of resemblance. This proceeds from a classification of irregular verbs as stated in a comprehensive grammar of the English language. The students are encouraged to create their own positive negative compound sentences, which they can as the fourth step- develop in stories. The fifth step is fixing phase, during which the students organize and reorganize the irregular verbs depending on how familiar the students are with them having learnt the infinitive, past and past- participle forms by heart, however, the students are found unable to recognize any of the forms if written in English, there is a method elaborated by: Jeremy Harmer, consists of the following elements: Engage, Study, Activate. In the engage phase, the teacher s effort is to awake the students interest, arouse their curiosity, and engage their emotions, employing numerous means, such as games, pictures, audio or video recordings, or dramatic stories. Most of us can remember lessons at school which were uninvolving and where we, switched off from what was being taught. We may also remember lessons where we were more or less paying attention, but where we were not really hooked. We were not engaged emotionally with what was going on; we were not curious, passionate or involved. Yet things are learnt much better if both our minds and our hearts are brought into service. Engagement of this type is one of the vital ingredients for successful learning. ¨ Harmer, (200:52). Hence, instead of being passively taught the infinitives of irregular verbs, students are encourage to play with them, in the activate phase, those exercises and activities are comprised, which gave been designed to make students use the language communicatively. The students are discouraged to focus on the language construction or practice of its particular patterns. On the contrary, the activities are to help the students to use their full language knowledge in the selected situation or task. The objective in the activate phase is, to use all and any language which may be appropriate for a given situation or topic. In this way students get a chance to try out real language use with little or no restriction, a kind of rehearsal for the real life. Story making is an activity typically employed within the activate phase. The students are assigned to create a story, being allowed to use limited or unlimited group of vocabulary. 2.1.2 Presentation, practice, production. This is a widely spread approach, in terms of which the teacher present the language and then encourages the student to practice it at first by means of highly controlled activities the p.p.p model is employed efficiently when most isolated grammatical items are being dealt with. From the teachers point of view, it is highly favorable since it allows the teacher to time each stage of the lesson fairly accurately and anticipate and solve the possible problems the students may encounter. 2.1.3 Unfamiliarity with Infinitives According to the structure of a elementary English course, students are expected to acquire the principles of the past simple tense and past forms of numerous irregular verbs, one difficulty the have is that the encounter approximately one hundred verbs fewer than half of which are irregular for example. Buy, come, cost, do, draw, drink, drive, eat, fall, find, fly, get, give, go, have, hear, know, leave, make, mean, meet, put, read, ring, run, say, see, sing, sit, sleep, speak, spend, stand, swim, take, tell, think, understand, wear, write. Then the biggest problem the students have is that they are not given enough opportunities to get familiar with them. When they have managed to learn the infinitives of hardly twenty irregular verbs, the students are confronted with both a new grammatical phenomenon the principles of making the past simp0le tense, and a flood of irregular verbs. They become showered with the infinitives and past forms of so many new irregular verbs that they star t drawing, losing their motivation 2.1.4 Infinitives Matching. Its a teaching aid that consists in encouraging students to match and group infinitives in a way which they find logical. This method is of double benefit to the students. First it makes the infinitives easy to remember, and secondly, it forces the student to enrich their vocabulary by looking up synonyms to the given verbs. Vocabulary cannot be taught. It can be presented, explained, included in all kind of activities, and experienced in all manner of associations, but ultimately it is learned by the individual. Language teachers must arouse interest in words and a certain excitement in personal development in this area. Teachers must help the students by giving them ideas on how to learn, but each will finally learn a very personal selection of items, organized into relationships in a individual way (1983). Wilga Rivers. 2.1.5 The present continuous tense as a matter of priority Dealing with the present continuous tense before starting to do the past simple one is another way how to imprint on students memory as many infinitives of irregular verbs as possible, before confronting the principles of making and using of the present continuous tense is considerably easier than the past simple. Describing various pictures, a method typically applied when teaching present continuous, encourages students to look up a considerable number of verbs in a dictionary. This method. By choosing appropriate pictures, the teacher can give the students the right direction towards irregular verbs without the students realizing that they are being controlled. Successful language learning in a classroom depends on a judicious blend of subconscious language acquisition and a kind of study activities. Harmer. The inquired system is according to krashen, A product of a subconscious process very similar to the process children under goes when they acquire their first language The learned system, on the contrary, is defined by krashen as a product of formal instruction, comprising a conscious process with results in conscious knowledge about the language. In other words learning is less important than acquisition with the method of describing pictures being applied, students are able to learn the infinitives of all the eighty or ninety most commonly used irregular verbs on cards, which they are encourage to employ when describing routines or making bubble diagrams. In this way, the students are able to get familiar with a substantial number of verbs in an easy, natural manner. Other problem when teaching irregular verbs is that having instilled the infinitive forms of the most commonly used irregular verbs into the students, teacher are sometimes confronted with another problem. They have to decide whether to involve past participles and teach all three forms at once, or to postpone teaching of the past participles until the present perfecto tense is being done. 2.1.6 Categorization of irregular verbs. The students are expected to memorize all three forms of the following eighty- six irregular verbs. Be, beat, begin, break, bring, build, burn, buy, catch, choose, come, cost, cut, deal, do, draw, drink, drive, eat, fall, feel, find, fly, forget, forgive, get, give, go, have, hear, hit, hold, hurt, keep, know, leave, lend, lie, lose, make, mean, pay, put, read, ride, ring, run, say, see, sell, send, sing, sleep, speak, spell, spend, stand, swim, teach, tell, think, throw, understand, wake, wear, win, wrote etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Irregular ones in that either the past inflection or the ed participle inflection, or both of these, are irregular. The irregular verbs either do not have the regular -ed inflection According to a comprehensive grammar of the English language irregular verbs differ from else. Irregular verbs typically, but not invariably, have variation in their base vowel; irregular verbs have a varying number of distinct formsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The base form past and the ed participle. These are traditionally known as the principal parts of the verb- most irregular verbs have, like regular ones, only one common form for the past. The 250 or so irregular verbs can be, classified on the basis of criteria derived from similarities and differences. In other to make the irregular verbs easier to memorize, the students Endeavour to discover as many similarities and differences as possible. There is a method that consists in students creating positive negative questions triplets of sentences. This method is called reversing the students choose a card with the infinitive are asked to provide a triplet in the past simple tens. For example: see I saw Jane yesterday but I didnt see Bob Did you see Antonio? This method of reversing is possible to extend and apply later on when dealing with the present perfect tense. Not only do the students practice recalling the past form and past participle of the particular verb, they also learn to recognize the difference between the past simple tense and the present perfect one in terms of usage. Come: Pedro came to our house last Saturday but Jessica didnt come. Did Robert come? Pedro has come but Jessica hasnt come yet. Has Robert come? When learning irregular verbs other strategy very effective for learning them is creating story, employing the cards with the past forms of the irregular verbs on them. At the beginning, the students are preferably supposed to use verbs within a group or subgroup, in order to fix the patterns in their minds. Gradually, however, they are encouraged to introduce verbs from the other groups or subgroups. 2.1.7 Database Making and strategies to teach irregular verbs In order to conclude the process of intensive irregular verbs learning, the students are asked to create a database of the cards witch they made and used during the process itself. Such a card index is to be at the students disposal ever after while revising or when they are confronted with a new tense or grammar. There lots of useful programs teachers could use as a support for teaching irregular verbs. These programs focus on high frequency irregular verbs and train them in their base, present. Present progressive, past, and past perfect forms, some of the resource that these programs use are: Flash, multiple choice with sentences not read, spelling activity. In all activities, there are teacher choices to set interface, level of difficulty, speech and /or text options, response time, and background reinforcement animation. Games (to memorize form), there are several games that can easily be adapted to practice past tense verbs. Bingo: Students are asked to make a 33 grid on a piece of paper, look at their list of irregular verbs and to complete their grid with infinitive verbs. When they have finished, start reading student hears the past form of a verb they have on their grid, they cross it out. The first to cross out all the verbs on the grid calls Bingo and wins. Follow this up by asking students to work in pairs and to prepare a story using the verbs on their grid, in the past tense. Tennis or volleyball, this activity involves students calling out verbs to each other, as if they were passing a ball over and invisible net. Ex. Student I. Says the infinitive of the verb (Run) Student 2. Says the past form. (Ran) Student 3. Says the past participle (Run) If a student gets a word wrong (or pauses for more than 10 seconds), they lose. Students can do this in pairs, although with smaller classes you may set up two facing chairs in front of the class and have students come up and play each other in front of the others. The students who win stays (as the reigning champion) and another student come up to challenge. Permanism (or Memory), prepare a set of cars with the infinitive on them (set A), and a set of cards with the past tense on them (Set B). Put both sets face down on a table. Invite a student to pick up two cards. He / She must read the verbs aloud on the cards and decide if they match. If they match, he/she keeps them- If they dont match him /she shows them to the others and puts them back down. Another student comes up and tries to get a matching, pair in the same way. It could be done with large or small classes. With a large class put the students into groups of four and ask each group to prepare their own cards. Working with pronunciations: give students a list of irregular past tense verbs and ask them to group them according to the main vowel sound in each. If this seems too hard, you could give them verbs and find others that sound the same. For example, find the matching pairs of verbs in this list: wrote could taught read eat drank gave had waked went took bought. You could group the irregular verbs according to similar sounds and put them and a poster on the wall. Meaningful practice, Listen and recap: In this activity you give the students a list of irregular verbs in the students a list of irregular verbs in their infinitive form (on a worksheet, or written on the board). You then tell a personal story, incorporating the past tense of the verbs. Its best to prepared this ahead of time, bearing in mind what your students understands. As the students listen, they must number the verbs they hear in order. When you finish, tell the students to compare their order in pairs. They should then write the past form of all the verbs they heard. Check the answers with the whole class. Then ask the students to try and are tell the story together using the past tense verbs as cues. Finally ask students to tell a similar story based on their own experience. Monday morning conversation, one way of getting a lot of past simple verbs out of the students is to simply start an informal chat with them at the beginning of the class, The simple what did you do last weekend? On Monday morning should throw up some past simple verbs. You can also go around ask the students some questions and allow them to answer. Teaching English irregular verbs is indeed challenging. However the goal of grammar instruction is to enable students to carry out their communication purposes irregular verbs are verbs themselves. The fourth grade is when those verbs start getting hammered into kids brains so that they might not mess them up quite so much when they re older. Irregular verbs are verbs that dont follow normal conjugation rules as thy traverse temporal space. They are the source of a great deal of frustration if you let them, unfortunately the only way to learn irregular verbs is to memorize their freaky conjugation as you encounter them. The irregular verbs might be the hardest part of fourth grade grammar. Chapter III Presentation and Analysis of the datas of the investigation In this chapter are presented the results of the investigation carried out in the Educative Center Higà ¼errito basic School. The results of the interview to the principal of the School and the surveys applied to teachers and students of this Educative Center. 3.1. Interview Applied to the Principal of the Educative Center Higà ¼erito basic School. In this section are analyzed the answers obtained from the interview to the director of the school. The principal of Higà ¼erito basic School was asked if she supervises the English teachers while they are on duty and her answer was affirmative, but she specified, that is the teacher in charge of the grade who teaches English because they dont have a teacher for the area so far. She was also questioned if she has received any kind of complaints from the students for the lustration they receive, and she answer,54 not yet she was asked if the school trains the teachers in order to have better results during and after the process of teaching and learning She replied, no. She was also questioned about the resources that the teachers of English need as a complement to their teaching process and she said that is a teacher ´s responsibility because public Schools do not provide these resources, when she was asked how she evaluates the English teachers ´ work, her reply was, that she evaluates it very good, because they are not English teachers actually, and believe it or no t they have been teaching well taking in to considerations the limitations. Here ´s the key of the problems, as this Educative Center is Subsidized by the State and the fact that there arent languages teachers: The teachers in charge of the grade are obliged to mange to teach. In the project of center the principal States as an advantage the preparation of the teachers who work for this school but they dont have qualified English teachers, and this is a serious problem because either the teachers or the students might feel frustrated, the teachers feeling unable to do their job and the students getting drowned in their attempt for learning the language. 3.2 Survey elaborated for the English teachers of Higà ¼erito basic School. In this section are analyzed the answers obtained from the survey applied to teachers of English of Higà ¼erito basic School. I. Years of experience of Higà ¼erito basic school English teachers. Category Frequency % 1-5 3 60 5-10 2 40 10-15 0 0 Total 5 100 In this square it could be observed that 3 teachers have from 1-5 years of experience teaching and 2 teachers have from 5- 10 years of experience. These years of experience are a good indicator to guarantee the quality of teaching of the Educative Center Higà ¼erito. 2. Techniques used by teachers of the Educative Center Higà ¼erito to teach irregular verbs. Category Frequency % Participation in class Oral Practice 1 20 Home works Written Exams 4 80 All the previous Alternatives None of the Alternatives Total 5 100 According to what it seen in this chart, 20. % of the English teachers use as a teaching technique, the oral practice and 80 % use written ex

History, Race, and Violence in the Arena of Reproduction Enslavement. :: Essays Papers

History, Race, and Violence in the Arena of Reproduction Enslavement. In 1997, Dorothy Roberts wrote a salient book titled Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. Roberts explicates the crusade to punish Black women—especially the destitute—for having children. The exploitation of Black women in the U.S. began in the days of slavery and, appropriately enough, Roberts introduces her first chapter with an illustrative story: When Rose Williams was sixteen years old, her master sent her to live in a cabin with a male slave named Rufus. It did not matter that Rose disliked Rufus "cause he a bully." At first Rose thought that her role was just to perform household chores for Rufus and a few other slaves. But she learned the true nature of her assignment when Rufus crawled into her bunk one night: "I says , ‘What you means, you fool nigger?' He say for me to hush de mouth. ‘Dis my bunk, too,' he say." When Rose fended off Rufus's sexual advances with a poker, she was reported to Master Hawkins. Hawkins made it clear that she had no choice in the matter: De nex' day de massa call me and tell me, "Woman, I's pay big money for you,and I's done dat for de cause I wants yous to raise me chillens. I's put you to live with Rufus for dat purpose. Now, if you doesn't want whippin' at de stake, yous do what I wants. Rose reluctantly acceded to her master's demands: I thinks ‘bout massa buyin' me offen de block and savin' me from bein' sep'rated from my folks and ‘bout bein' whipped at de stake. Dere it am. What am I's to do? So I ‘cides to do as de massa wish and so I yields. The story of control of Black reproduction begins with the experiences of slave women like Rose Williams. Black procreation helped to sustain slavery, giving slave masters an economic incentive to govern Black women's reproductive lives. Slave women's childbearing replenished the enslaved labor force: Black women bore children who belonged to the slaveowner from the moment of their conception. This feature of slavery made control of reproduction a central aspect of white's subjugation of African people in America. It marked Black women from the beginning as objects whose decisions about reproduction should be subject to social regulation rather than to their own will. (22-23) Once slavery was abolished Black people no longer had to worry about their children being the property of slaveowners, or anyone else.

Enlightenment/Romanticism Essay

The age of man is rife with varying motivations and personal reasoning. Over millions of years, life shifted from mere survival, with our minds drawn to food and shelter, into times of political intrigue and welfare reform. Buried in the layers, the Age of Enlightenment and the (difficult to define) Age of Romanticism are found. Within these two periods are some of our history’s most profound shifts in thinking. The Age of Enlightenment brought scientific reasoning to the forefront of everything. Life was distinct, understandable and predictable. Man contemplated his purpose empirically, studied methodically to come to a true conclusion. According to Anne Branham, the enlightenment allowed our founding fathers to question man’s natural rights in the world of the living. She uses Benjamin Franklin as the incomplete figure of true enlightenment. The one man who had his hands into all things scientific and technological fought actively for the â€Å"earthly rather than heavenly rewards† (55). Our most important living document, the American Constitution, finds its epicenter in the freedom to choose our own representation after careful contemplation and consensus-driven selection (59). Paintings reflected life as a physical entity. Portraits of people became the chosen artwork of the day, a marking of life in that moment. American History portraits painted by John Trumbull show the events in a concise manner, the emotions of the people stern and musing. Other artists, to include Anton Van Maron and Antonio Visentini, of this period (late Enlightenment) follow this same theme of capture rather than sensitize (GroveArt Online). Writers such as Locke, Paine, and Smith questioned preconceived beliefs, broke them down in their parts, studied them empirically, then transformed them into new ideals and theories; changing the way things were done for centuries. Their articulations of thought changed the way business and politics were conducted, a system we still hold to today. Burnham suggested when we take a good look at these writers (Locke in particular) we can see the seed of transformation that inspired Thomas Jefferson (58). The line between the Enlightenment and Romanticism appears quite blurred. It is not as though humankind stopped short all of a sudden and agreed to change their thinking. What is evident, however, is that change took place. Today, we are no longer as ideal in questioning what is right for man. This period began as a revolt of sorts against the aristocracy and their accepted norms. People began to concern themselves with emotions and the feelings of things. Psychologists such as Freud and Jung came into play. Not only what is wrong with you, but also why, and how does it feel to have that problem? Peckham questions the validity of an actual movement in that the need and subsequent fight for revolution does not in fact mean an actual change in thought amongst the world’s people. Was there in fact a change in mind away from the scientific and toward the ideal and the emotional (6). In terms of government, America found itself growing out of control. States began to fight over the issue of slavery and valuing one man’s right to property over another man’s right to dignity and the ‘pursuit of happiness’ as it were. Civil War breaks out, the basis set against the colder ideas of the Enlightenment. These ideas one can conceivably see as justifying slavery if numbers add up. Authorship offered a new selection during this era, the novel. Mary Shelley writes about the timeless battle of man versus nature with her creation of â€Å"Frankenstein.† Man’s emotional struggles in life marked the center of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven, Jane Austen’s Emma, and Henry David Thoreau’s Walden. Peckham, writing in the time of Picasso, states: â€Å"Picasso has in his painting expressed profoundly the results of the freedom that romanticism has given to the creative imagination, but he is detested by most people who have seen his cubist or post-cubist painting – as well as by a great many who has not. He is at home in the universe, but not in his society† (21). This simple statement takes us back to a time when the questioning of fundamental things, like shapes and colors, was not appreciated. One forgets Picasso died in 1973 – only 33 years ago. Although these two distinct ages followed each other in general timeframe, there are some obvious similarities. In some ways, the transcendentalists, modernists and post-modernists, have all maintained the basic trend in life, which is to ask questions and present the answers in a way that society will gain from them as well. The questioning being the most serious of crimes against the calm nature of a society, with the actual answer following a close second. The difference lies in the questions asked, the answer given and the format preferred. For each successive generation, the questions drive a little deeper, the context of the situations a little more complicated. The answers are increasing more personal, much to the chagrin today of the older citizens. Art today is far racier and stressing in it nature. Artists have the freedom to push the observer to his or her max. Life seems to be struggling toward a certain height where all questions are ok, all answers accepted. Works Cited Branham, Anne K. â€Å"Teaching the Enlightenment in American Literature: Shedding Light on Faith and Reason.† The English Journal 87.3 (1998): 54-59. GroveArt Online. (18 Oct 2006). Peckham, Morse. â€Å"Toward a Theory of Romanticism.† PMLA 66.1 (1951): 5-23.

terminal velocity essays

terminal velocity essays SC1: Investigating Terminal Velocity When an object falls through a fluid it accelerates until it reaches its terminal velocity. At this speed the forces acting on it are balanced. My task is to investigate the factors that affect the terminal velocity of a falling object. Viscosity/density of the fluid Surface area of ball bearing Texture of the balls surface I am going to investigate how mass affects the terminal velocity. I think that as the mass of the ball bearing increases so does the weight of the ball bearing, which requires more friction to balance the ball bearings weight thus making the terminal velocity increase. I think that the mass of a ball bearing is directly proportional to the terminal velocity. This is because if the mass of ball bearing doubles so does the weight of the ball bearing, which requires twice as much friction to balance the ball bearings weight, which then doubles the terminal velocity. The scientific knowledge to prove my prediction is that as the mass of the ball bearing increases the weight of the ball bearing is increased that requires more friction to balance the ball bearings weight which increases the terminal velocity. As the ball bearing accelerates the friction acting against the falling ball bearing increases which in turn balances out the forces applied to the ball bearing which reaches the terminal velocity. The apparatus was set up as shown (in the diagram on the next page) Two elastic bands were placed on the tube 60 cm (600 mm) apart measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. The first band placed low enough so that the terminal velocity of the ball bearing was reached before the ball bearing reached the band and the second band placed far enough apart so that there would have been a smaller percentage of error. The elas ...

Free Essays on The Matrix

The movie certainly leaves you thinking. This is how it affected me and made me think†¦aside from the obvious storyline. â€Å"The Matix† was obviously made in order to induce wonder along with the deep-thought process. Since you have probably gotten a bunch of movie reports on 1) the action or 2) the religious symbolism, and I don’t really want to write about those things, I am going to write about my thoughts after watching the movie. A few key things: The Matrix=dreaming=heaven How many times have you had a dream where you have brought back to life somebody that you had known before they died? Was it a grandparent, or a friend? Maybe we are not bringing them back to life at all. Maybe we are just momentarily inside their world. Have you ever had a friend who was mad at you, but in a dream everything was ok between the two of you? Maybe on some level the two of you have connected in a place that knows and understands forgiveness (a.k.a. Heaven). So what about nightmares? Consider that Hell is a nightmare. Ever heard the saying that â€Å"You are your own worst enemy,† or how about the one that goes along the line that â€Å"You will punish yourself more than anyone else possibly could?† Perhaps it is true. Having a nightmare is like creating your own personal Hell. The only way out of it is to forgive yourself, because unless you do forgive yourself- who else could possibly forgive you? Perhaps these aren’t the questions that should be asked, though. I am not one to wonder which world is â€Å"real.† I am one to wonder whether a) both worlds actually exist, or b) if they are real, can you exist in both of them at the same exact time? â€Å"The Matrix† is referred to as a dream-like place. My argument for actually existing in the matrix is the old saying, â€Å"I think, therefore I am.† You never cease to think, because if you did you simply would not exist. Therefore, even when you are dreaming†¦yo... Free Essays on The Matrix Free Essays on The Matrix The movie certainly leaves you thinking. This is how it affected me and made me think†¦aside from the obvious storyline. â€Å"The Matix† was obviously made in order to induce wonder along with the deep-thought process. Since you have probably gotten a bunch of movie reports on 1) the action or 2) the religious symbolism, and I don’t really want to write about those things, I am going to write about my thoughts after watching the movie. A few key things: The Matrix=dreaming=heaven How many times have you had a dream where you have brought back to life somebody that you had known before they died? Was it a grandparent, or a friend? Maybe we are not bringing them back to life at all. Maybe we are just momentarily inside their world. Have you ever had a friend who was mad at you, but in a dream everything was ok between the two of you? Maybe on some level the two of you have connected in a place that knows and understands forgiveness (a.k.a. Heaven). So what about nightmares? Consider that Hell is a nightmare. Ever heard the saying that â€Å"You are your own worst enemy,† or how about the one that goes along the line that â€Å"You will punish yourself more than anyone else possibly could?† Perhaps it is true. Having a nightmare is like creating your own personal Hell. The only way out of it is to forgive yourself, because unless you do forgive yourself- who else could possibly forgive you? Perhaps these aren’t the questions that should be asked, though. I am not one to wonder which world is â€Å"real.† I am one to wonder whether a) both worlds actually exist, or b) if they are real, can you exist in both of them at the same exact time? â€Å"The Matrix† is referred to as a dream-like place. My argument for actually existing in the matrix is the old saying, â€Å"I think, therefore I am.† You never cease to think, because if you did you simply would not exist. Therefore, even when you are dreaming†¦yo...

Management - Strategy Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management - Strategy Process - Essay Example The word strategy was introduced by Sun Tzu in his book The Art of War though at that time he discussed about the military strategy (Tzu, 1971). The main concept behind using of word strategy was to gain advantage over something or someone and in business strategy has been defined as a comprehensive and integrated plan that has been devised to make sure that the main objective of the organization is achieved (Glueck, 1980). Strategy has been used by firms globally to identify what the organization would like to achieve and how it is going to achieve therefore the importance of strategy becomes very vital as proper strategic planning will influence the future of the organization and it will define whether the organization would be able to achieve success or not. Strategic management in the last few years have become a field for the managers which helps them in managing STRATEGY PROCESS Devising strategy for the management has become an important task as it leads to the success or fail ure of the organization. ... Plan 2. Ploy 3. Pattern 4. Position 5. Perspective 1. Strategy as a Plan Plan is defined as the first P of the 5Ps of Strategy as proposed by Mintzberg. Strategy is about planning in order to achieve something or in order to deal with certain situation. Planning involves guidelines that have to be followed to achieve the main objective of the organization. So, this definition of strategy leads to two important characteristics of strategy which are: Planning or strategy has to be made in advance There is an objective or purpose behind formulation of strategies (Henry, Mintzberg, Quinn, & Cliff, 1992) Managers use different tools like SWOT and TWOS to plan their actions according to what they have and what they do not have along with the opportunities that exist in the market that they can exploit. 2. Strategy as Ploy Strategy can be described as a ploy as well with the aim to get the better of competitors. According to Mintzberg (2002) with the ploy of outsmarting the competitors and disrupting or discouraging them, strategy can be considered as a ploy as well. Scenario analysis is one of the tools that have been used by managers to analyze the situation of the company against competitors. 3. Strategy as Pattern Strategy according to Mintzberg (1987) is also defined as a pattern as using the word strategy with plan only is not sufficient. Pattern means consistency in actions and consistency in the way things are managed and done. It has been explained that patterns are realized strategy whereas plans are intended strategies. 4. Strategy as Position Strategy is also defined as position which refers to how the management decides to position the organization in the market. With this definition, the

Auditor Independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Auditor Independence - Essay Example Each time such news grabs headlines questions are raised about the expected role of auditors to be the whistle blowers on first whiff of material fraud or manipulation and if they had compromised their role by losing their independence. Investigation into reasons for Enron failure in particular revealed that its auditors had colluded with the management in weaving a web of complex financial transactions creatively to help window dress the dwindling fortunes and losses in return for hefty non audit fee. The firm was found guilty and indicted which brought about break up of one of the five largest audit firms of the world namely Arthur Anderson. Now there are only four big audit firms in the world namely, Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC) Deloitte & Touch, KPMG and Ernst & Young, popularly known as the big four. Recently another big four firm namely Price Waterhouse Coopers' name has been dragged into another scandal of global proportions i.e., "Satyam", the software company based in India. This company had overstated its revenues for a number of years and falsified accounts to show nonexistent bank deposits. Once again the role of Auditors was reviewed and it is primarily concluded that the auditors had accommodated the management in creating the charade. The auditors responsible for signing the reports are behind bars for criminal conduct in rendering services. In Australia too there have been cases of failed entities like HIH Ltd and Harris Scarfe were both placed into administration in the 2001/2002 financial year and subsequent investigation revealed irregularities in the financial statements of both. Around the same time, the Australian companies One-Tel, Impulse Airlines, Ansett and Pasminco also collapsed, seemingly without warning, suggesting a deficiency in the corporate governance practices of these companies (Walker et al, 2008, p. 9). Just like SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) of USA, CLERP 9 (Corporate Law and Economic Reform Program was enacted in response to public outcry over the seemingly expensive presence of auditors without commensurate accountability towards their functions to be discharged in an objective and honest manner. Thus a "conflict of interest" situation must be avoided by auditors. A formal enactment only strengthens and structures the conduct expected of auditors as a matter of best practice while discharging their duties. Explanatory Memorandum to CLERP 9 (4.19) states that the inclusion of an objective standard in the general auditor independence requirement is critical for enforcement purposes because objectivity, being a state of mind, is not, except in unusual circumstances, subject to direct proof. The difficulties associated with identifying a compromise of independence are also inherent in the nature of the audit process. Accordingly, the perception of auditor independence, as demonstrated by external facts and circumstances, under an objective standard takes on great importance. Main impact on audit function as a result of this legislation is summarised below: Partner rotation in all public interest entities with different partners namely engagement partner, the individual responsible for the engagement quality control review and other audit partners on the engagement team who are responsible for key decisions or

Why does the Financial Services industry appeal to you Essay

Why does the Financial Services industry appeal to you - Essay Example This career option will give me the opportunity to enhance my skills, by providing me with challenges every day of the week, where every challenge will be another learning experience. The rewards will reflect my effort that will keep me motivated to do even better, and who in this world does not want to be appreciated for their efforts. The more experienced I become the more reputation I will built up in this industry, where talent is appreciated (Tom Hopkins International, 2010). I will be able to specialize in future according to my interests as the industry provides various opportunities, for example in investment banking, portfolio management, or in the field of insurance. Even though this job provides one with many advantages, one still has to keep the dynamic conditions of the current global market in mind, as this career knows no boundaries, and to us every market is a global market. Though on one hand, as mentioned in The Financial Times, there was a net profitability of 16 p ercent recorded in the UK financial market as a result of the rise in income and volume of some businesses, still there were some cynical views that were noted after the very first time since March 2009. It was the concern of many banks in UK that the new regulations are undermining the growth opportunities, which are expected to lead to a further drop of employment opportunities. This led to a definite raise of concern in the prospective employees’ minds for their job security, especially for those who are aiming for financial services as their career path. On the other hand, CNN Money reported a potential rise of maximum one million and a minimum of 600,000 job opportunities in the United States, if President Obama’s new bill relating to job plans was to pass through congress. This gave a hope to many economists, as well as to many prospective employees, which according to Joel Prakken of Macroeconomics Advisors, was both socially and individually beneficial.

Last two hundred years Essay Example for Free

Last two hundred years Essay The 19th and 20th centuries are very rich about inventions that changed our lives. The automobile is one of those inventions changed peoples lives. Short after its invention automobile became a necessity in daily life more than being luxury or a symbol of nobility. Today the numbers of cars are close to half of earths population. Almost every family in developed countries owns a car. The automobile has had the greatest effects on our lives in last two hundred years because it is a necessity, it has an important effect on the world economy and it affects our lives directly. There are some reasons why automobiles become a necessity in todays life which of those reasons are being the cheapest, fastest and easiest way to travel when compared against other inventions like planes, ships or trains. Before the invention of automobiles humanity used to travel with domestic animals, which cause more expanses than, cars do in todays conditions. A traveler has to pay great amounts of money to travel from one town to another to the animals owner also if someone owns his own animal it will probably costs much more because he has to feed and look after that animal. Even today when compared against planes, ships or trains; the automobile is still the cheapest way to travel. The automobile is also the fastest way to travel when compared to old traveling methods. For example horse back riding from France to Germany will take months while driving the same distance with a car will take a day or less. The last important thing that made automobile a necessity is its being the easiest way of traveling and transportation. Traveling with automobiles gives people freedom of going wherever they want; only thing they have to do is to have wish of going and the money to afford an automobiles expanses. The automobile gives a freedom of traveling which other traveling methods do not offer. Trains are limited with the rails whereas planes are also limited with aerostations but cars can reach everywhere roads reach and even far. Today automobile is a necessity like sleeping or eating. The busses people go their work with, the lorries that people transport their goods, the ambulances that saves peoples lives and lots uncountable more examples there are which shows us how necessary automobiles are. As a result a necessity is something that affects peoples lives deeply. Without cars it will be impossible to the things we do in daily life like traveling, transporting and reaching. Another important point that makes the automobile effect on peoples life is its effect on world economy with the automobile industry and its subsidiary industries like car accessories. Today almost every developed countrys economy is based on the automobile industry while developing countries depend on the automobile industry also. A large rate of world trade is about automobiles. For instance there are big car companies in both Europe and USA that has big factories in which millions of people work. This causes a great income for the world economy and keeps it running. Because economies depend on and based on the automobile, peoples lives are depended on automobile and this is why this invention affects humans lives too much. Peoples are depended on the automobile economically because lots of peoples job involves cars, lorries, trucks or buses and also lot of peoples job is to produce vehicle. For those reasons the automobile affects peoples lives too much as an economic support, it is what people earn their lives from. The last and the most important reason why the automobile affect peoples lives are because it affects their lives with its side effects like; pollution, accidents, transportation and automobile based lifestyles. All kinds of automobiles are based on the same principle, which is the creation of energy by using petrol and its side products. As a result automobiles produce harmful gases and release them through the air people breathe. Automobiles pollute the air and are a danger for all living creatures with the air pollution it causes. In addition to air pollution automobile also causes sound pollution with the sound of horns and motors, which depress people and create negative social effects on them. Because automobile is the fastest way to achieve somewhere, the wrong use of it causes accidents resulting with injuries or even deaths. As a result deaths and injuries cause incorrigible social effects like depression and suicide because it affects people negatively. With the automobile, transportation becomes easier and more common. That created an enormous effect on trade, which also means an enormous effect on peoples lives because it affects economy with this way, which means an affect on the way people, earns their lives. The last direct effect the automobile created on peoples lives is that some lives are based on the automobile passion. For example car and motor racers,  Harley Davidson cycles collectors, Chevrolet fans and lots more. Because of those reasons the automobile is a piece of peoples lives that affects them directly with a lot of reasons. In conclusion the automobile has had the greatest effect on peoples lives because it become a piece of their life with its usage and effects. It is the invention that gave man freedom of traveling wherever he wants, it changed his life and it is a necessity of life for him. In todays world cars save peoples time, power and even lives. The automobiles allow people to reach places quickly, lorries, trucks carry their goods and finally ambulances save lives. All those create enormous effects on peoples lives.