Becoming A Fashion Retail Buyer Essay - 1862 Words

Career Research Paper Growing up my thoughts and decisions constantly have changed from one to another. I never can really stay to a plan for so long without changing my mind. However, what I have found that has kept me grounded and staying on course is fashion design and retail. I am able to express myself through this medium and eventually I plan on becoming a fashion retail buyer myself. Also, I want to be involved in promoting campaigns and advertisements for the newest trends. One of the many highlights of this job is being able to travel to different states and even countries to attend trade fairs as well as visit certain suppliers. As a retail buyer, the buyer is responsible for selecting products up to date with trends and to sell them in retail shops. To become a fashion buyer one must attain a 2-4 year college degree. Along with this, when attending college a student should major in either business, marketing, or merchandising. Although internships are not required, except for certain particular business classes or programs, interning could possibly benefit someone to achieve the highest potential in their job. While training a person needs to learn the knowledge of fashion, retail, and economics. I would imagine that one must have first hand experience in retail, which I would assume helps the person train for the job. The company’s I seek interest in are higher-end boutiques because I would be able to sell good quality clothes for a higher price. In cogentShow MoreRelatedBharti Walmart 5 Forces1281 Words   |  6 PagesQ1. Analyze the retail scenario in India in terms of Porter’s Five Forces and investigate the growth across different segments of retailing. Ans: Indian Retail Scenario in terms of Porter Five Forces Porter in 1974 has given â€Å"Five Forces† model to assess the industry environment. Five forces of Porter model which determine effectiveness of any Industry are: 1. Barriers to Entry 2. 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The Industrial Revolution Was A Period Of Time Between...

The industrial revolution was a period of time between 1750 and 1914, in which machines began to replace manual labour. Originating in Britain it was a time of great technological and social change, with the industrialisation having major effects on work, politics, society and environment. The revolution began with the agricultural revolution in which machines replaced the jobs of farmers and many began to move to the cities to find employment. This introduction of machines and increased city population had many affects some were not always positive and lead to the development of trade unions, the working class and the communist ideology. Having grown in popularity and power the Catholic Church was also a major character in the industrial†¦show more content†¦During this time the textile industry had been mainly dominated by farmers wife s, who made cloth for extra money to support their families. However as the technology for textiles grew, what once took five people to com plete now took one machine that did it at twice the speed. As machines slowly began to over ride people s jobs particularly if rural areas family s began to move to large cities sparking the growth of the industrial revolution. As more an more people began to flood to cities the establishment of factories, mills and mines began to develop. However with this increasing population also came increase in job demand and factory owners were able to pay their workers lower wages due to people s desperation for work. The quality of life for workers only went on to decrease with women and children starting to work in order to support their families. The women and children being considered inferior were given the worst pay for longer hours and harder work. The factories were also very unsafe with unhygienic and dangerous working environments. Much like the living conditions workers experienced living in close quarter unsanitary areas. These living conditions were called the slums and were usually make up large apartment like buildings which each room housing up to 5 or 9 people. There was very little room for living and sicknesses spread rapidly due to the unsanitary conditions. With lack of

Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect Free Essays

Have you ever been picked on or made fun of because your nationality is different from someone else’s or the color of your skin? If so, then the person who did it was probably a racist person. Racism still exists within all cultures. Some people won’t admit they’re a racist, but their actions and words prove otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most people won’t directly discriminate other races, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t happen everyday. Many will argue that their race is superior over another, or that the actions of a few individuals of a certain race determines how that race of people are, therefore making them unequal. I think all people should be treated equally, no matter who they are or what they look like.  However, there is no rights to govern how one person might perceive another person so every one can think or act on how they treat members of another race. Who’s to say that if one group of people believes that they are superior over another group, that they won’t display those actions if they confronted by members of that group or race? Prejudice people think that their way is right and they have the freedom of speech to express how they feel. If you were to ask if they were racist, they would defend their actions by saying it is how it should be and it isn’t wrong.  Racism is broad topic to talk about but once everyone realizes it exists in the U.S. they can take steps to trying to talk to their children about it and maybe even change some of their ways in knowing that racism is wrong. It may not exist where you live, but any place that there will be adults, teens, or children of different races interact together there is a possibility of prejudice.Many other cultures are a target for racism, it isn’t just black and white. Japanese, Indian, and Germans aren’t safe from racism. I witnessed all kinds of prejudice against a wide variety of races. I’ve seen other races mistreat whites, blacks, and even Asians.  Basically, racism affects us all. I don’t think it will go away ever because here in America there is such a wide variety of races, and when they are all mixed together, in the neither How to cite Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect, Papers

Recruitment and selection process of Woolworths Organization

Question: What are the internal and external factors that will be influencing or having an impact on the recruitment and selection procedure of Woolworths? Answer: Executive Summary This report will be dealing with the internal and external factors that will be influencing or having impact on the recruitment and selection procedure of Woolworths. It is seen that the company in order to expand its business as well as for launching new products, recruitment and selection method is followed. The company follows a good procedure and fair recruitment process for the new candidates. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. Introduction The recruitment and selection process of an organization is one of the most essential tasks of the Human Resource Department. This is because; the HR department is solely responsible for putting the right candidates into the right positions regarding the requirement and necessity of the organization (Clark, 2010). For a successful recruitment and selection process, the HR department of the organization will be keeping in mind both the internal and external factors. These factors have a great impact on the company and influence the functioning of the company to a great extent. This assignment will be dealing with the recruitment and selection procedure that Woolworths follow along with the internal factors that have an impact on it. Moreover, the external recruitment factors such as social, legal, political and economic factors that have an impact on the selection and recruitment procedures will be discussed vividly. Background of the company Woolworths is one of the largest supermarkets of Australia having its headquartering in Bella Vista, Australia. The recruitment and selection process of Woolworths is very fair and the process is solely dependent on the merit, experience and professionalism of the candidates. The company treats all its employees and workers equally and has respect for each of the work delivered by them. The companys HR department is fully abided by the rules and regulations of the company and follows the Anti-Discrimination law and Equal Employment Opportunity Legislation in the selection and recruitment process. Moreover, according to the Privacy Act, the personal documents that are given by the candidates in this process are also well maintained by the HR department (Woolworthslimited.com.au, 2015). Requirement for Recruitment and Selection Process in Woolworths According to Jack Chen (2011) each and every organization needs a strong recruitment and selection process for recruiting the most deserving candidates for the prestigious positions of the company. In Woolworths the recruitment and selection procedure of the candidates are done on the basis of available jobs or positions within the organization, by examining the availability of candidates for the corresponding position and on the basis of merit and expertise of the candidates. Dessler Teiche et al. (2004) had an opinion that the HR department is responsible for conducting the recruitment and selection process in order to maintain the regularity in the staff positions and for getting best services from them. In order to conduct a successful recruitment and selection process, both internal and external recruitments are conducted that saves the time of the organization and also allows fresh ideas to come inside the organization. In addition to this, the recruitment policy is also essen tial within the organization in order to fill up the human resource gaps within the organization and for better productivity as well as smooth flow of work. Internal Factors affecting recruitment and selection Process in Woolworths In Woolworths, the HR department is efficient and effective enough in conducting recruitment and selection process of the candidates. The internal factors that influences and have impact on the organizations recruitment and selection procedures are explained below- Recruitments policy- Arlot and Celisse (2010) commented on the fact that the recruitment policy within the organization identifies the objectives of Woolworths, the objectives of the organization, policies and preferred sources of recruitment. These factors help in understanding the requirement of the recruitment and influence the recruitment policy of the company. Initially, the recruitment policy provides framework for the accomplishment of recruitment curriculum. According to Nkhungulu Mulenga and Van Lill (2007) the Woolworths has implemented the recruitment programs for the successful filling up of the vacancies with the best candidates. Woolworths is fair in this process and is bounded by the recruitment policies and rules so as to attract the candidates to attain the recruitment sessions. Size of the firm- Wheatley (2010) commented on the fact that the size of the firm affects the recruitment and selection procedures of the company. If the company is planning to increase its product line or expand its operations, then the organization will be recruiting more people for more production and services. According to Van den Brink et al. (2006) Woolworths has a good recruitment and selection procedure when it comes across expanding its business and introducing new products into the market. The organization is bounded by the rules and regulations of the recruitment and selection procedure so the company is successful in retaining as well as sustaining the customers. Though the size of Woolworths is huge, still it works hard for expanding its business and products for occupying a prestigious position globally. Cost- According to Zhao and Liden (2011) cost is an essential part of the organization that affects the recruitment and selection procedure of the company. The selection and recruitment process is a cost effective process, so before undergoing the process, the organization initially understands the cost of the process as well as need of the process. Woolworths is a big organization and there is a requirement of recruitment of new employees for the vacant position as well as when the organization is expanding itself. Growth and expansion- Ofori and Aryeetey (2011) commented on the fact that the organization is focused on recruitment and selecting new candidates when it is planning for growth and expansion of the organization. The organization in order to have fresh ideas from outside and for having more experienced people, recruitment process is essential. It is to be noted that Woolworths being a huge supermarket in Australia is expanding itself more and occupying a higher position in the world. As a result, there is necessity of new and fresh ideas, which is resulting in recruitment and selection process of the organization. According to Field and Siavelis (2011) the organization has a very strong recruitment process since the organization recruits the best people with merit, experience and energy in the organization. Human Resource Planning- The human resource planning is essential in the organization since it helps the HR department to understand the gaps present in the human power within the organization. According to Cerrito and McLean (2010) the number of employees is Woolworths is rising in a considerable amount since the company is expanding itself as well as launching new products. Being a HR consultant, one can easily understand the requirement of the recruitment policies that will be helping the company in understanding the gaps and filling it correspondingly within the organization. External Factors affecting the Recruitment and Selection Process in Woolworths Woolworths is highly focused in maintaining the external factors that have an impact on the recruitment and selection procedures of the company. For a fair recruitment procedure as well as for the satisfaction of the employees and for retaining them, the below mentioned factors are well explained- Social Factors- Cordner and Cordner (2011) commented on the fact that the social factors have a strong impact in the recruitment and selection procedure in Woolworths. This is because, Woolworths being a prestigious company in Australia need to recruit and select the best candidates for the organization. It is to be remembered that the culture of the company is dependent on the recruitment of the employees and retaining the same. According to Edenborough (2005) the culture need to be co-operating and friendly for retaining the employees within the organization. The recruitment procedures need to be fair enough and based on the merit and expertise of the employees and the vacancies within the organization. This fair procedure of recruitment and selection will ultimately satisfy the new candidates and they will tend to retain in the company. Legal Factors- According to Van den Brink et al. (2006) the HR department needs to be abided by the rules, laws and regulations of the company as well as with that of the Governments. The international laws of employment, labor laws etc. need to be maintained within the organization for the better performance and to stay legally safe. Wheatley (2010) had a view regarding the legal factors of the Woolworths is that the organization maintains the privacy of the employees by safeguarding and securing the essential documents within the organization. Moreover, the other legal factors such as Discrimination in employment and Discrimination in wages need to be avoided. Preferably the candidates should be given salary and wages as per the standard rules of the industry. Political Factors- Jack Chen (2011) commented on the fact that the political factors of the organization are also important to be considered within the organization for a fair recruitment and selection method. The political factors need to be abided by the laws and regulations of the place or country where it is doing the business. For Woolworths, the political laws, rules and regulations of Australia need to be focused and abided by it. According to Yan et al. (2010) the HR department of Woolworths is efficient in maintaining the labor laws, the employment laws and is also concerned with the national security of the country. Economic Factors- The economic factor is equally important for the HR department of Woolworths to be concerned with. It plays an important role in the organization and affects the recruitments and selection procedure of the company. Edenborough (2005) commented on the fact that the economic factors include the economic situation of the company as well as economic condition of the country. The recruitment and selection procedure of Woolworths is required to be considered when the company wants to expand its business or wants to launch new products. Recruitment and Selection Portfolio Figure 1: Recruitment and Selection of Woolworths (Source: Yan et al.2010, pp.430) Recommendations The organization in order to get the best quality human resources performs the recruitment and selection procedures. Woolworths is no exception to it. The organization need to focus more on the cost on the incentives and appraisals of the existing employees. Moreover, the company also needs to focus and strengthen the policies of the HR department, so there will be a fair process of recruitment and selection. This is to be remembered that a fair recruitment policy helps in attracting more employees which not only increases the manpower but also fills up the gaps within the organization. It increases the productivity as well as also increases the employee retention. Conclusion This report has explained the impact of both internal and external factors on Woolworths in the recruitment process. The internal factors include the size of the firm, recruitment policy, human resource planning, cost and growth and expansion. These factors have a great impact and influence the recruitment and selection procedures of the employees that help in rapid and successful expansion of the organization. In addition to this, the external factors such as economic, legal, social and political are also essential to focus on since it has an impact on the organizational recruitment policies. Reference List Books Dessler Teicher., Dessler, G. and Teicher, J. (2004)Recruitment selection, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Education Australia Edenborough, R. (2005)Assessment methods in recruitment, selection, and performance, London: Kogan Page Journals Arlot, S. and Celisse, A. (2010) A survey of cross-validation procedures for model selection,Statist. Surv., 4(0), pp.40-79 Cerrito, J. and McLean, G. (2010) Developing content-valid selection procedures: What every HPT and HRD professional should know,Perf. Improv., 49(2), pp.29-35 Clark, M. (2010) Experiencing recruitment and selection,British Journal of Guidance Counseling, 38(1), pp.137-139 Cordner, G. and Cordner, A. (2011) Stuck on a Plateau?: Obstacles to Recruitment, Selection, and Retention of Women Police,Police Quarterly, 14(3), pp.207-226 Field, B. and Siavelis, P. (2011) Endogenizing legislative candidate selection procedures in nascent democracies: evidence from Spain and Chile,Democratization, 18(3), pp.797-822 Jack Chen, E. (2011) A revisit of two-stage selection procedures,European Journal of Operational Research, 210(2), pp.281-286 Nkhungulu Mulenga, C. and Van Lill, B. (2007) Recruitment and Selection of Foreign Professionals In the South African Job Market: Procedures and Processes,SA j. hum. resour. manag., 5(3), pp. 78-96 Ofori, D. and Aryeetey, M. (2011) Recruitment and Selection Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises: Perspectives from Ghana,IJBA, 2(3), pp. 46-87 Van den Brink, M., Brouns, M. and Waslander, S. (2006) Does excellence have a gender?,Employee Relations, 28(6), pp.523-539 Wheatley, S. (2010) Making the Right Investment Recruitment and Selection,Legal Information Management, 10(04), pp.279-282 Yan, J., Wu, Y. and Zhang, W. (2010) Biodata as A Personnel Recruitment Selection Approach in China:Assessment and Its Validity,Acta Psychologica Sinica, 42(3), pp.423-433 Zhao, H. and Liden, R. (2011) Internship: A recruitment and selection perspective, Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), pp.221-229 Websites Woolworthslimited.com.au, (2015)Quality Brands and Trusted Retailing - Woolworths Limited, Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]

Feminism Women Equal Essays - Gender Studies, Abortion,

Feminism Women Equal annon Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century; however, gender equality has recently been threatened within the last decade. Blatantly sexist laws and practices are slowly being eliminated while social perceptions of women's roles continue to stagnate and even degrade back to traditional ideals. It is these social perceptions that challenge the evolution of women as equal on all levels. In this study, I will argue that subtle and blatant sexism continues to exist throughout educational, economic, professional and legal arenas. Women who carefully follow their expected roles may never recognize sexism as an oppressive force in their life. I find many parallels between women's experiences in the nineties with Betty Friedan's, in her essay: The Way We Were - 1949. She dealt with a society that expected women to fulfill certain roles. Those roles completely disregarded the needs of educated and motivated business women and scientific women. Actually, the subtle message that society gave was that the educated woman was actually selfish and evil. I remember in particular the searing effect on me, who once intended to be a psychologist, of a story in McCall's in December 1949 called A Weekend with Daddy. A little girl who lives a lonely life with her mother, divorced, an intellectual know-it-all psychologist, goes to the country to spend a weekend with her father and his new wife, who is wholesome, happy, and a good cook and gardener. And there is love and laughter and growing flowers and hot clams and a gourmet cheese omelet and square dancing, and she doesn't want to go home. But, pitying her poor mother typing away all by herself in the lonesome apartment, she keeps her guilty secret that from now on she will be living for the moments when she can escape to that dream home in the country where they know what life is all about. (See Endnote #1) I have often consulted my grandparents about their experiences, and I find their historical perspective enlightening. My grandmother was pregnant with her third child in 1949. Her work experience included: interior design and modeling women's clothes for the Sears catalog. I asked her to read the Friedan essay and let me know if she felt as moved as I was, and to share with me her experiences of sexism. Her immediate reaction was to point out that Betty Friedan was a college educated woman and she had certain goals that never interested me. My grandmother, though growing up during a time when women had few social rights, said she didn't experience oppressive sexism in her life. However, when she describes her life accomplishments, I feel she has spent most of her life fulfilling the expected roles of women instead of pursuing goals that were mostly reserved for men. Unknowingly, her life was controlled by traditional, sexist values prevalent in her time and still prevalent in the nineties. Twenty-four years after the above article from McCall's magazine was written, the Supreme Court decided whether women should have a right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade (410 U.S. 113 (1973)). I believe the decision was made in favor of women's rights mostly because the court made a progressive decision to consider the woman as a human who may be motivated by other things in life than just being a mother. Justice Blackmun delivered the following opinion: Maternity, or additional offspring, may force upon the woman a distressful life and future. Psychological harm may be imminent. Mental and physical health may be taxed by child care. There is also a distress, for all concerned, associated with the unwanted child, and there is the problem of bringing a child into a family already unable, psychologically and otherwise, to care for it. In other cases, as in this one, the additional difficulties and continuing stigma of unwed motherhood may be involved. (See Endnote #2) I feel the court decision of Roe v. Wade would not have been made in 1949. Even in 1973, it was a progressive decision. The problem of abortion has existed for the entire history of this country (and beyond), but had never been addressed because discussing these issues was not socially acceptable. A culture of not discussing issues that have a profound impact on women is a culture that encourages women to be powerless. The right of abortion became a major issue. Before 1970, about a million abortions were done every year, of which only about ten thousand were legal. Perhaps a third of

Literature Review Research Paper Example

Literature Review Research Paper Example Literature Review Paper Literature Review Paper You may wish to write on a broad topic such as en of the chapter or lecture topics, or you may refine this down to any aspect or particular issue within these topics. The only restriction is the topic must come from the unit content. How many references do you expect? A literature review is a scholarly review of a body of work. That means you need to use a comprehensive range of peer reviewed literature. When you undertake a data base search you can refine the results requesting scholarly articles only. If you are uncertain as to what this term means or where to find scholarly peer reviewed articles in your search, please talk with a librarian. Generally speaking one reference per 100-200 words would be appropriate so a 2000 word literature review would have between 10-20 references. In addition, your references should come from Journal articles rather than text books. One text is usually sufficient, and few if any internet sources. What referencing style do you expect? I do not mind whether you use PAP or Harvard as long as you are consistent. The following link provides an explanation and examples of these styles: https:// www. Citrate. Quit. Du. AU/What is a literature review? A literature review is a critical analysis of published sources, or literature, on a particular topic. It is an assessment of the literature and provides a summary, classification, comparison and evaluation. The literature review is generally in the format of a standard essay made up of three components: an introduction, a body and a conclusion. What is the purpose off literature review? N writing the literature review, the purpose is to convey to the reader what knowledge and ideas have previously been established on a topic and their strengths and weaknesses, even their particular issues in application. Many people suggest that a literature review is not done in the real world. YES it is! Just in a slightly different form. Any substantial or effective report on any topic requires the writer to put in some information (usually in a section near the beginning) about what other people have found, are doing, through a review of the offerings in the literature. Does a literature review follow any particular structure? The following structure addresses the key requirements of a literature review: Introduction (identifying your topic and the general structure of your review). Should not exceed 10% of word count. Identify key authors (seminal work in the area) Present an overview of your topic Identify main issues, findings and common themes or trends. Identify research/ authors that support a particular position Identify that research which offers different alternatives Present the current debates on these issues. What are the findings of current research? Did they support existing theory? Did they challenge existing theory? Did they contribute to a new paradigm? What are the strengths/limitations of the research? Make recommendations for future research OR acknowledge the implications for anthropometry human resource practice Brief conclusion Tips on structure A common error in literature reviews is for writers to present material from one author, followed by information from another, then another. The way in which you group authors and link ideas will help avoid this problem. To group authors who draw similar conclusions, you can use linking words such as: also additionally again similarly When authors disagree, linking words that indicate contrast will show how you have analyses their work. Words such as: however conversely on the other hand nonetheless indicate to your reader how you have analyses the material. At other times you may want to qualify an authors work (using such words as specifically, usually or generally) or use an example (thus, namely, to illustrate). In this way you ensure that you are synthesizing the material, not Just describing the work already carried out in your field. Tips on writing In a literature review you must paraphrase literature and reference the source. You should not use more than two direct quotes. You must not copy literature word for word- this is plagiarism. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism is the act of misrepresenting someone elses work as your own. It basically means that you: copy word for word without using quotation marks and citing the source summaries/paraphrase without referencing use/develop someone elses idea without referencing it use experimental results, research data, statistics and so on without referencing the source paraphrase too closely to the original (even if the source is cited) I have never written a literature review before. What should I do? Dont be intimidated by the concept of writing a literature review. This unit is a foundation unit. Writing a literature review is a key skill and activities are designed to develop your abilities in information retrieval; critical analysis; and evaluation; in units throughout the program. You may make an appointment for individual consultation with the language and learning advisor in the School. Language and Learning support in IQ-JET Business School for all students: Post Graduate Student Learning advisers IQ-JET Business School provides additional language and learning support for students whose first language is not English. This helps you to develop the language and academic skills you need to succeed in your studies at IQ-JET. The Language and Learning Advisor (LA) in the school of Management is Julie Massive (JAZZ). Please see the administration staff at the counter on the 9th floor of Z Block to arrange an appointment to meet the learning advisor. The Blackboard site provides resources and further information. You can also find links and resources to help you develop your academic English at the IQ-JET Business School Language and Learning Support Blackboard site which is now available to all students and staff through the community Blackboard. Other useful resources https://www. Dwelled. Library. Quit. Du. AU/ https://owl. English. Purdue. Du/owl/ What sort of language is used in a literature review? The following is an excerpt from a (500) word literature review and provides an example of the language used: Expectancy theory is one of many systematic explanations dealing with employee motivation. Developed by Victor Broom in 1964 and later expanded upon by Porter and Lawyer in 1968, expectancy theory is based on the premise that the amount of effort expended by employees on a task is dependent on the nature, amount or attractiveness of the reward s/he expects to chive in return (Dublin, Dahlias Miller, 2006). Expectancy theory stipulates that an individuals propensity to act in a certain way is determined by three key factors (Bartok, Teen, Matthews, ; Sahara, 2008). These are perceptions of expectancy, instrumentality and valence, each representing a distinct relationship (Broom, 1964). Motivational Force (MFC) can be calculated through the use of the formula MFC=E x I x V. Since the three factors are multiplied, a change in any one will have a significant effect on an individuals motivational state (Isaac, Zero Pit, 001). Put simply, the international chain can only be as strong as its weakest link. As a process theory of motivation, expectancy theory describes a decision making process based on subjective perceptions of external interactions (Fudge Clatters, 1999). Thus, extrinsic motivators are used to explain why workers engage in certain behaviors (Shaming, 1990). It is therefore assumed that individuals make conscious decisions to maximize self interests. Expectancy refers to the perceived relationship between the effort contributed to a task and the level of performance achieved as a result (Broom, 1964). However, it can be weakened by the effect of external factors (such as favoritism or bias) on performance levels (Robbins, Judge, Millet, Waters-Marsh, 2008). Similarly, instrumentality depicts the relationship between a specified level of performance and a reward or outcome (Friedman, Cox Maier, 2008). A perceived lack of correlation between these factors will result in low motivation (Robins et al. , 2008). Valence is the personal value or attractiveness of a reward, established through reference to an individuals goals (Lawyer ; Settle, 1973).

Internationl Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internationl Business Law - Essay Example Millions of dollars were also spent to pay up third parties that implicated embezzlement. It was found that there is an atmosphere of tolerance and even the company’s cultural acceptance of the practice in all levels of the corporation. There has been a systematic implementation of this scheme that engaged the members of the organization (ibid). There was a failure by the internal safeguards of Siemens to clean up their business adequately in time prior to the case filed by the SEC to their disadvantage. The main issue encompass the acts of the company in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) under the United States federal law which punishes bribery of foreign officials. This is in relation to the thrust of the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate businesses under its jurisdiction. Specifically, the provisions of Sections 30A, 13(b)(2)(A), and 13(b)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act were violated (ibid). The court found in favor of the SEC and grante d the highest settlement in this particular area where Siemens has offered $1.6 billion in payment for the fines and disgorgement provided under the law. Out of which, $350 million will go to the SEC in disgorgement, $450 million in criminal fine to the Department of Justice, about $569 million as fine to Germany’s Office of the Prosecutor General in Munich. This is apart from the approximately $285 million Siemens has already paid in 2007 to the Prosecutor previously mentioned (ibid). In the end, the SEC and the State together with the German government won this case through an amicable settlement by the plaintiff and defendant. This is a good manifestation of the gravity of the battle against foreign bribery as a matter of policy showing the best possible sign of its effectiveness. This was an ideal scenario where the company has offered on its own a significant sum to rectify its deeds. The willingness of the Siemens to settle, granted that $1.6 billion is already a sizabl e sum, brings to question the actual extent of the profit that they may have acquired through these dubious dealings. Further raising doubts is the fact that there are many countries involved in the transactions investigated by the SEC. Upon scrutiny of this case and the outcome, it is immediately apparent that the United States and Germany got the best end of the bargain. It must be noted that there are a number of other countries who suffered with most of them developing countries. It brings to mind the question of what the others will get out of this case and will they benefit from Siemens’ mea culpa. 1. How do the Siemens’ penalties relate to the caps on fines discussed earlier in this chapter? Fines are a form of sanction on companies to deter them from committing offenses and grave abuses to the expense of others. The penalty imposed upon Siemens is a glaring example for others not to follow suit on the ill practices that they have previously engendered as a comp any culture. The likelihood of a significant fine that