george wells beadle :: essays research papers

George Wells Beadle was born at Wahoo, Nebraska, U.S.A., October 22, 1903, the son of Chauncey Elmer Beadle, a farmer, and his wife Hattie Albro. George was educated at the Wahoo High School and might himself have become a farmer if one of his teachers at school had not directed his mind towards science and persuaded him to go to the College of Agriculture at Lincoln, Nebraska. In 1926 he took his B.Sc. degree at the University of Nebraska and subsequently worked for a year with Professor F.D. Keim, who was studying hybrid wheat. In 1927 he took his M.Sc. degree, and Professor Keim secured for him a post as Teaching Assistant at Cornell University, where he worked, until 1931, with Professors R.A. Emerson and L.W. Sharp on Mendelian asynopsis in Zea mays. For this work he obtained, in 1931, his Ph.D. degree. In 1931 he was awarded a National Research Council Fellowship at the California Institute of Technology at Pasadena, where he remained from 1931 until 1936. During this period h e continued his work on Indian corn and began, in collaboration with Professors Th. Dobzhansky, S. Emerson, and A.H. Sturtevant, work on crossing-over in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. In 1935 Beadle visited Paris for six months to work with Professor Boris Ephrussi at the Institut de Biologie physico-chimique. Together they began the study of the development of eye pigment in Drosophila which later led to the work on the biochemistry of the genetics of the fungus Neurospora for which Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum were together awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. In 1936 Beadle left the California Institute of Technology to become Assistant Professor of Genetics at Harvard University. A year later he was appointed Professor of Biology (Genetics) at Stanford University and there he remained for nine years, working for most of this period in collaboration with Tatum. In 1946 he returned to the California Institute of Technology as Professor of Biology and Chairman of the Division of Biology. Here he remained until January 1961 when he was elected Chancellor of the University of Chicago and, in the autumn of the same year, President of this University. During his career, Beadle has received many honours. These include the Hon. D.Sc. of the following Universities: Yale (1947), Nebraska (1949), Northwestern University (1952), Rutgers University (1954), Kenyon College (1955), Wesleyan University (1956), Birmingham University and Oxford University, England (1959), Pomona College (1961), and Lake Forest College (1962).

Behavior and personality development Essay

A person’s behavior and attitude at any point of time is the resultant effect of all factors acting on the individual. The factors, each contribute in its own way and at varying levels, having a positive effect, a negative effect, a soothening effect or even a precipitating effect. The individual then reacts as a consequence of all combined effects. There are several parameters involved in the development of behavioral patterns including cognitive-social, biological, emotions, gender, person-situation, culture, ethnicity etc. These factors effect differently, for each individual since the level of perception and understanding is varied. It should be noted here that there may be several other factors too that influence behavior patterns, that have not yet been recognized. The cognition-social perception of an individual plays an important role in the building up of the individual’s personality. Although there is a debate of whether cognition gives rise to emotions or emotions give rise to cognition, the resultant reaction has wide social perceptions. The term ‘cognition’ in emotion elicitation includes all simple sensory information processing to very complex processing. The emotion – cognition – interaction is the study on the integrative aspects of research in emotion, cognition and the interaction between the two. The complex association between emotion and cognition is analyzed using knowledge and methods from the separate fields of research. Emotions are not always associated with facial expressions. Face recognition and object recognition are performed through different functions by different areas within the brain. Several disorders like alexia, prosopagnosia and visual agnosia develop when recognition process is impaired. Social cognition attempts to relate personal-social development with intellectual development. The process of cognitive development occurs through four universal stages of infancy; toddler and early childhood; elementary and early adolescence; and, adolescence and adulthood. The development in each stage is associated with an increased level of thinking. Cognition is an important aspect of behavior development. An individual perceives a situation based on his cognitive inputs and responds appropriately. Thus feelings of sadness, happiness, anger, guilt etc. , are produced as a result of cognition. As for me, I don’t tolerate anyone talking to me in a high pitch or commanding tone. In such cases, I deliberately don’t cooperate, even if the speaker wants to help or oblige me. Gender too plays an important role in social developments. Women have been traditionally expected to perform their domestic family roles as obedient wives and daughters. They were mainly more perceived to be sexual objects in a male dominated society, with primary interests in homemaking and caring, till the end of the century. This indifference in sociology can be mainly attributed to men’s identity as the dominant social player associated with force of character while women are associated with their weaknesses and passive role. The relationship between crime and gender has been immense throughout the long period of offence observation. Men and women have differing offence rates and offence patterns, both as offenders and as victims. The opportunities and capabilities of men and women for crime are different, which is reflected in their crime pattern. The sex of offenders has always been recorded throughout the history of criminal record keeping. Lady police officers and corrections officers are also needed to tune in, to fit into the gendered criminal justice system, although their lives are very different from that of women offenders or victims. Women were allowed to take up positions of police patrol officers and corrections officers only in the 1970s. This too was achieved through several legislative changes and civil rights movements. While positions have been opened for women in the male dominated fields like policing and corrections, women are faced with challenges as to what are appropriate or not appropriate women activities, given their traditional attitude on such activities. The social role of women had been had been largely restricted, although the situation has changed considerably. However gender based perception, attitude and reaction to situations persist. I am particularly careful in my dealings with women, because I find it difficult to convince them compared to men, although they don’t argue or threaten like men. It has been established by biocriminology that heredity and body organ dysfunctions can induce an inclination in social interaction. Modern researches indicate that chromosomal abnormalities, hormonal and brain chemical imbalances, diet, drugs and alcohol are factors that contribute to aggressive and criminal behavior. The hormone ‘testosterone’ in men has been identified as the main cause of aggression and crime committed by most men. Several case studies indicate that certain foods or food constituents induce neuropsychological disorders in the form of allergic or pharmacologic reactions which may even lead to chemical imbalances in the brain, resulting in behavioral disorders. Adoption and twin studies too indicate that genetic influences play a major role in development of criminal behavior. Molecular genetic investigations and epidemiological studies suggest that criminal activity may be genetically linked to mental abnormality. Prenatal disturbances or altered normal fetal development due to maternal smoking in pregnancy period is linked to violent offsprings. Reading deficits are sometimes developed in impulsive aggressive people, which could be attributed to their early school experiences. Here, impulsive and aggressive acts are caused due to inability in discriminating visual information during social situations. Biology is an important determinant of behavior and social response. Although I don’t perceive any behavior type as due to any specific food pattern, I do believe that group behavior or specific instincts of groups has to do with their biological response. Cultural differences and its influence on behavior have been extensively studied by behavioral scientists mainly during the 1940s and the 1960s. Cross-cultural psychology is very important in understanding the psychological framework of inter personal behavior. Interpersonal behavior is a vital aspect of human daily activity and is greatly influenced by culture. In recent times, this relationship between culture and individual behavior is more explored through empirical studies rather than historical or philosophical enquiries. Findings of such studies indicate that culture moulds and defines individual attitude as much as it determines our values, our ways of thinking and our social relationships. Culture is in fact a major criteria in the determination of human behavior. Culture together with the physical environment represent one of the two important external factors that mould human behavior. These factors in combination with internal influential factors of biological and psychological aspects constitute the main determinants of human behavior. Culture is inhibited by both internal and external representations. External representation of culture is seen in institutions of education, politics, religion and economy while it is internally represented through values, worldviews, beliefs etc. All these forces act simultaneously on an individual at any given point of time. Perhaps most of the conflict and confrontation in today’s world may be attributed to cultural differences. Clash of cultures and adherence to rigid cultural beliefs, keeps up tension between communities. A mutual respect and understanding of each others culture and values is essential for the upliftment of any society. I find it difficult to live a normal life where cultural tolerance is not practiced. I personally feel that culture intolerance is a sign of undeveloped cultures. The individual at any point of time is also subject to a given situation. It is this simultaneous interaction of the person and the situation, which ultimately derives the behavior. Therefore, behavior can be described as a person-situation interaction, which is under continuous adjustment. Normal or abnormal behavior is a continuous response to the person-situation forces. The attitude and behavior of mankind is influenced by several factors, which cannot be predicted or explained using any particular theory. These include cognition, biological, behaviorist, cognitive-social, existential-humanistic, person-situation, and gender, cultural and ethnicity. It must also be understood that similar factors cannot influence everyone to the same level. A combination of several such factors may perhaps explain a particular behavior pattern. Although the role of the parameters in the development of the behavior pattern is known, we cannot conclude that all factors contributing to the same have been identified, nor the level of contribution of each factor. Newer research needs to be done on the subject, to determine further influences, given the fact that technology and lifestyle are constantly evolving.

The Life Of A Woman Harriet Tubman - 1404 Words

This book will create an image of a woman Harriet Tubman, who was compared to the biblical Moses as she was determined to get her people out of bondage and onto freedom seen as their promised land. Reading the book will no doubt create a level of pain within the reader as he/she feels the pain that not only Harriet Tubman suffered but also those who suffered and died in the quest from slavery to freedom. This small yet powerful book of 22 chapters, takes us as passengers on this fictitious railroad, that was truly a historical pathway. While the Underground Railroad must not be seen as an actual railroad underground, it was a secret organization that the slaves would use to escape and that it was a series of paths through land and sea routes so that runaway slaves could become free. If one were to visualize this pathway to freedom and compared to modern day train stations, then the reader should be able to visualize that the stations along the way were simply houses and barns owned b y people who were sympathetic and supportive of the slaves to be set free. Railroads in America today have conductors, and Harriet Tubman as well as other men and women were seen as the conductors because of how they led people to a destination. Oral history has given David R Hill-page 2 stories that even when the slaves would travel theShow MoreRelatedChange in the 1800s: Radicals805 Words   |  3 Pagesneeded to be addressed. Some people stood up for what they believed needed to be done to reform the country. Prominent examples of these radicals are Harriet Tubman and Dorothea Dix. Tubman fought to abolish slavery while Dix fought for better treatment of the mentally ill. These two individuals had a significant impact on American life. Harriet Tubman was born between 1819 or 1821in Dorchester County, Maryland. At the time, slavery was a well-established institution in the South. Slavery was presentRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The American Civil Rights Movement997 Words   |  4 Pages Harriet Tubman, the woman who faced much adversity in her life, especially in her earlier years, was a very influential black civil rights abolitionist. During the time period, blacks were not treated as equals to whites and many blacks were slaves and Harriet Tubman was no exception. Harriet Tubman was born in the 1820’s on a plantation called Edward Brodess in Dorchester County, Maryland. Her mother was Harriet â€Å"Rit† Green owned by Mary Pattison Brodess; and her father was Ben RossRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1510 Words   |  7 PagesThis memoir covers the life of Harriet Tubman who was a slave known for her extraordinary chip away at the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman was conceived in Dorchester County, Maryland on March, 1822. This novel discusses how Harriet Tubman had the capacity escape bondage in the south in the year of 1849 and looked for some kind of employment in the north. Particularly in Philadelphia, where she worked in inns to raise enough cash to bolster her needs. She would then migrate to Canada and inRead MoreHarriet Ross Tubman s Underground Railroad1462 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Ross Tubman The Underground Railroad Harriet Ross Tubman was a spiritual woman who lived her ideals and dedicated her life to ending slavery. While Harriet s efforts placed her in great peril, her integrity and commitment inspired others to assist in rescuing countless slaves during the Civil War. The woman known as Harriet Ross Tubman was born into slavery in 1825, in Dorchester County, Maryland. She was born as Araminta Ross, and nicknamed â€Å"Minty† by her parents. Harriet wouldRead MoreEssay about Harriet Tubman, A Strong Woman Who Helped Many to Freedom591 Words   |  3 PagesHarriet Tubman In the 18th century before the civil war. Slavery was based on the color of your skin. It was a very difficult life for people who are not white in some states.People believe that everyone should follow and fight for what they believe is best for their life .â€Å"Oh lord , if you ain’t never going to change that man`s heart ,kill him lord ,and take him out of the way â€Å", Those were words of Harriet tubman ,who suffered throughout her life especially in her childhood ,but sheRead MoreHarriet Tubm The Most Influential Women Of All Time1609 Words   |  7 Pagespeople are capable of defying the rolls of society but that did not stop Harriet Tubman. Not only was Tubman the bravest woman in history, she was an African American slave who overcame adversity. Tubman escaped and not only made a better life for herself, but made a difference in hundreds of other African Americans lives. Tubman risked her own safety and freedom to help other African American’s reach their freedom. Tubman taught us that no matter who you are, where you come from, or what yo u lookRead MoreHarriet Tubman1168 Words   |  5 PagesHarriet Ross Tubman was an African American who escaped slavery and then showed runaway slaves the way to freedom in the North for longer than a decade before the American Civil War. During the war she was as a scout, spy, and nurse for the United States Army. After that she kept working for rights for blacks and women. br brHarriet Tubman was originally named Araminta Ross. She was one of 11 children born to Harriet Greene and Benjamin Ross on a plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland. SheRead MoreHarriet Tubm An African American Abolitionist And Humanitarian1429 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Tubman was an African-American abolitionist and humanitarian. Harriet Tubman was born in Dorchester County, Maryland around 1820-1825 and died in Boston, Massachusetts of pneumonia in 1913. She was born into slavery, but successfully escaped in 1849 to become a leading abolitionist, yet she returned many times to rescue both family mem bers and non-relatives from the plantation system. She led hundreds of slaves to freedom in the North as the most famous conductor on the Underground RailroadRead MoreThe New Face Of The 20 Dollar Bill857 Words   |  4 PagesHarriet Tubman the new face of the 20 Dollar Bill Harriet Tubman’s face should be the one on the 20 dollar bill. Not only would this change women’s history, but it would change African Americans history too. There has never been a female on our currency let alone a black one. Harriet Tubman devoted her life towards the demolition of slavery, she has been someone people look up to because she has inspired many from her struggle of equality and civil rights, and she is one of the most notable figuresRead More Harriet Tubman : Walk to Freedom Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesboys by the hands and leads them to the other side. That is exactly how Harriet Tubman lived her life. During her first plan to escape slavery, she went on her way with two of her brothers. Harriet reached safety, but her brothers had turned back halfway to freedom. After that incident, Harriet Tubman devoted her life to helping slaves cross the street to freedom. THESIS With a past childhood surrounded with slavery, Harriet Tubman grew up with the need to make a difference; after years of smuggling

Becoming A Fashion Retail Buyer Essay - 1862 Words

Career Research Paper Growing up my thoughts and decisions constantly have changed from one to another. I never can really stay to a plan for so long without changing my mind. However, what I have found that has kept me grounded and staying on course is fashion design and retail. I am able to express myself through this medium and eventually I plan on becoming a fashion retail buyer myself. Also, I want to be involved in promoting campaigns and advertisements for the newest trends. One of the many highlights of this job is being able to travel to different states and even countries to attend trade fairs as well as visit certain suppliers. As a retail buyer, the buyer is responsible for selecting products up to date with trends and to sell them in retail shops. To become a fashion buyer one must attain a 2-4 year college degree. Along with this, when attending college a student should major in either business, marketing, or merchandising. Although internships are not required, except for certain particular business classes or programs, interning could possibly benefit someone to achieve the highest potential in their job. While training a person needs to learn the knowledge of fashion, retail, and economics. I would imagine that one must have first hand experience in retail, which I would assume helps the person train for the job. The company’s I seek interest in are higher-end boutiques because I would be able to sell good quality clothes for a higher price. In cogentShow MoreRelatedBharti Walmart 5 Forces1281 Words   |  6 PagesQ1. Analyze the retail scenario in India in terms of Porter’s Five Forces and investigate the growth across different segments of retailing. Ans: Indian Retail Scenario in terms of Porter Five Forces Porter in 1974 has given â€Å"Five Forces† model to assess the industry environment. Five forces of Porter model which determine effectiveness of any Industry are: 1. Barriers to Entry 2. Bargaining Power of Buyers 3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4. Threat of Substitutes 5. Rivalry amongRead MoreBharti Walmart 5 Forces1294 Words   |  6 PagesQ1. Analyze the retail scenario in India in terms of Porter’s Five Forces and investigate the growth across different segments of retailing. Ans: Indian Retail Scenario in terms of Porter Five Forces Porter in 1974 has given â€Å"Five Forces† model to assess the industry environment. Five forces of Porter model which determine effectiveness of any Industry are: 1. Barriers to Entry 2. Bargaining Power of Buyers 3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4. Threat of Substitutes 5. RivalryRead MoreLuxury Brand Experience In An Omni-Channel Setting With Strategic Online Visual Merchandising Analysis867 Words   |  4 PagesMulti-channel business practices are becoming more adaptive with its fast-growing and evolving consumer market. It is essential that retailers in the 21st century acknowledge the success of multi-channel businesses. The function of multiple-channel retail, also commonly known as omni-channel, is to coordinate a coherent way of managing, integrating information, and delivering service and products to the end-customer online and in-store. In both mass retail and in luxury retail, having more than one channelRead MoreCGs Success in Sustaining Its Product Identity1763 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategic deployment when doing so would require it to additionally bother other established market successes, some of which have helped it create its identity across the globe and in other Asian markets? And, of course, in light of the globalization of retail opportunities everywhere, how does such a company deal with the prospects of continued grey market erosion of its identify? Situational Analysis: Canada Goose (CG) is exceptionally qualified to enter and compete in the South Korean (SK) marketRead MoreThe Role Of Marketing Metrics Used For Marks Spencer s Past And Present Christmas Campaigns1153 Words   |  5 Pagesidentifies as valued, contradicting competitor efforts, and encouraging customers to buy their products over others. Marketing Analysis Buyer Persona A buyer persona is a semi-fictional representation of an idyllic customer based on market research and real data about the existing customers (Kusinitz, 2016). Research from store observations, shows that the most common buyer persona are females aged 50+, who are either working as professionals or have retired. The gross margin decreases are in keepingRead MoreUsing Social Networking Websites for Social Media Marketing in Fashion Industry1475 Words   |  6 Pages Using Social Networking Websites for Social Media Marketing in Fashion Industry (BACKGROUND RESEARCH) Submitted by: 2/1/2012 Juhi Agarwal SOCIAL MEDIA: Social media is â€Å"the media that is published, created and shared by individuals on the internet, such as blogs, images, video and more† (Strokes, p. 350), as well as â€Å"online tools and platforms that allow internet users to collaborate on content, share insights and experiences, and connect for business or pleasure†. (Strauss amp; Frost, p. 326)Read MoreThe Basics Of Building A Wardrobe1395 Words   |  6 PagesFinally 22 will be providing clients both trendy styles and quality clothing when it comes to today’s apparel stepping up a notch from the mass market items that wear quickly compared to better quality items that last a lifetime. For the fashion savvy minded consumer the clothing lines will concentrate on current trends and accessories for changing the looks easily from casual to dressy. The basics of building a wardrobe that’s ready for any occasion is to shop with the current trends in mind andRead MoreMarketing Focused Career Within T he Retail Industry Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesAfter graduation I aspire to be involved in a marketing focused career within the retail industry. The retail industry is a major contributor for the Australian economy and society. That there are over 130,000 retail businesses in Australia. In 2015 the retail industry saw an annual sale amount of $275 billion, up 5% from just that November to the end of trade that year. The retail industry employed 1.2 million people in the period of 2008 to 2009 and is still continuing to grow. Throughout the currentRead MoreFashion - a Design Centred Approach V Market Centred Approach1808 Words   |  8 PagesFashion Buying Assignment 1 Student No. 00244644 Design Centred Approach V Market Centred Approach To begin with the difference between a market centred approach and design centred approach must briefly be discussed. A design-centred approach is where the design is produced away from the user and then presented to them. This is the traditional view of fashion design and one in which the designer is given free reign and no contraints on cost or creativity. The choice of fabric for a lineRead MoreEssay on Topman SWOT Analysis1275 Words   |  6 PagesTopman SWOT Analysis Strengths: Topman already has more than 309 fashion stores nationwide with another 50 stores outside the United Kingdom division. Topman boasts the worlds largest fashion store in London with over 200,000 shoppers per week, Topman gets twice deliveries per day and 7,000 looks per season. In the year 2006, Topman’s operating profit hits 110 million with its annual sales of 600 million now. It brings a strong brand image of Topman based on the successful achievement to consumer’s

The Industrial Revolution Was A Period Of Time Between...

The industrial revolution was a period of time between 1750 and 1914, in which machines began to replace manual labour. Originating in Britain it was a time of great technological and social change, with the industrialisation having major effects on work, politics, society and environment. The revolution began with the agricultural revolution in which machines replaced the jobs of farmers and many began to move to the cities to find employment. This introduction of machines and increased city population had many affects some were not always positive and lead to the development of trade unions, the working class and the communist ideology. Having grown in popularity and power the Catholic Church was also a major character in the industrial†¦show more content†¦During this time the textile industry had been mainly dominated by farmers wife s, who made cloth for extra money to support their families. However as the technology for textiles grew, what once took five people to com plete now took one machine that did it at twice the speed. As machines slowly began to over ride people s jobs particularly if rural areas family s began to move to large cities sparking the growth of the industrial revolution. As more an more people began to flood to cities the establishment of factories, mills and mines began to develop. However with this increasing population also came increase in job demand and factory owners were able to pay their workers lower wages due to people s desperation for work. The quality of life for workers only went on to decrease with women and children starting to work in order to support their families. The women and children being considered inferior were given the worst pay for longer hours and harder work. The factories were also very unsafe with unhygienic and dangerous working environments. Much like the living conditions workers experienced living in close quarter unsanitary areas. These living conditions were called the slums and were usually make up large apartment like buildings which each room housing up to 5 or 9 people. There was very little room for living and sicknesses spread rapidly due to the unsanitary conditions. With lack of

Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect Free Essays

Have you ever been picked on or made fun of because your nationality is different from someone else’s or the color of your skin? If so, then the person who did it was probably a racist person. Racism still exists within all cultures. Some people won’t admit they’re a racist, but their actions and words prove otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most people won’t directly discriminate other races, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t happen everyday. Many will argue that their race is superior over another, or that the actions of a few individuals of a certain race determines how that race of people are, therefore making them unequal. I think all people should be treated equally, no matter who they are or what they look like.  However, there is no rights to govern how one person might perceive another person so every one can think or act on how they treat members of another race. Who’s to say that if one group of people believes that they are superior over another group, that they won’t display those actions if they confronted by members of that group or race? Prejudice people think that their way is right and they have the freedom of speech to express how they feel. If you were to ask if they were racist, they would defend their actions by saying it is how it should be and it isn’t wrong.  Racism is broad topic to talk about but once everyone realizes it exists in the U.S. they can take steps to trying to talk to their children about it and maybe even change some of their ways in knowing that racism is wrong. It may not exist where you live, but any place that there will be adults, teens, or children of different races interact together there is a possibility of prejudice.Many other cultures are a target for racism, it isn’t just black and white. Japanese, Indian, and Germans aren’t safe from racism. I witnessed all kinds of prejudice against a wide variety of races. I’ve seen other races mistreat whites, blacks, and even Asians.  Basically, racism affects us all. I don’t think it will go away ever because here in America there is such a wide variety of races, and when they are all mixed together, in the neither How to cite Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect, Papers

Recruitment and selection process of Woolworths Organization

Question: What are the internal and external factors that will be influencing or having an impact on the recruitment and selection procedure of Woolworths? Answer: Executive Summary This report will be dealing with the internal and external factors that will be influencing or having impact on the recruitment and selection procedure of Woolworths. It is seen that the company in order to expand its business as well as for launching new products, recruitment and selection method is followed. The company follows a good procedure and fair recruitment process for the new candidates. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. Introduction The recruitment and selection process of an organization is one of the most essential tasks of the Human Resource Department. This is because; the HR department is solely responsible for putting the right candidates into the right positions regarding the requirement and necessity of the organization (Clark, 2010). For a successful recruitment and selection process, the HR department of the organization will be keeping in mind both the internal and external factors. These factors have a great impact on the company and influence the functioning of the company to a great extent. This assignment will be dealing with the recruitment and selection procedure that Woolworths follow along with the internal factors that have an impact on it. Moreover, the external recruitment factors such as social, legal, political and economic factors that have an impact on the selection and recruitment procedures will be discussed vividly. Background of the company Woolworths is one of the largest supermarkets of Australia having its headquartering in Bella Vista, Australia. The recruitment and selection process of Woolworths is very fair and the process is solely dependent on the merit, experience and professionalism of the candidates. The company treats all its employees and workers equally and has respect for each of the work delivered by them. The companys HR department is fully abided by the rules and regulations of the company and follows the Anti-Discrimination law and Equal Employment Opportunity Legislation in the selection and recruitment process. Moreover, according to the Privacy Act, the personal documents that are given by the candidates in this process are also well maintained by the HR department (Woolworthslimited.com.au, 2015). Requirement for Recruitment and Selection Process in Woolworths According to Jack Chen (2011) each and every organization needs a strong recruitment and selection process for recruiting the most deserving candidates for the prestigious positions of the company. In Woolworths the recruitment and selection procedure of the candidates are done on the basis of available jobs or positions within the organization, by examining the availability of candidates for the corresponding position and on the basis of merit and expertise of the candidates. Dessler Teiche et al. (2004) had an opinion that the HR department is responsible for conducting the recruitment and selection process in order to maintain the regularity in the staff positions and for getting best services from them. In order to conduct a successful recruitment and selection process, both internal and external recruitments are conducted that saves the time of the organization and also allows fresh ideas to come inside the organization. In addition to this, the recruitment policy is also essen tial within the organization in order to fill up the human resource gaps within the organization and for better productivity as well as smooth flow of work. Internal Factors affecting recruitment and selection Process in Woolworths In Woolworths, the HR department is efficient and effective enough in conducting recruitment and selection process of the candidates. The internal factors that influences and have impact on the organizations recruitment and selection procedures are explained below- Recruitments policy- Arlot and Celisse (2010) commented on the fact that the recruitment policy within the organization identifies the objectives of Woolworths, the objectives of the organization, policies and preferred sources of recruitment. These factors help in understanding the requirement of the recruitment and influence the recruitment policy of the company. Initially, the recruitment policy provides framework for the accomplishment of recruitment curriculum. According to Nkhungulu Mulenga and Van Lill (2007) the Woolworths has implemented the recruitment programs for the successful filling up of the vacancies with the best candidates. Woolworths is fair in this process and is bounded by the recruitment policies and rules so as to attract the candidates to attain the recruitment sessions. Size of the firm- Wheatley (2010) commented on the fact that the size of the firm affects the recruitment and selection procedures of the company. If the company is planning to increase its product line or expand its operations, then the organization will be recruiting more people for more production and services. According to Van den Brink et al. (2006) Woolworths has a good recruitment and selection procedure when it comes across expanding its business and introducing new products into the market. The organization is bounded by the rules and regulations of the recruitment and selection procedure so the company is successful in retaining as well as sustaining the customers. Though the size of Woolworths is huge, still it works hard for expanding its business and products for occupying a prestigious position globally. Cost- According to Zhao and Liden (2011) cost is an essential part of the organization that affects the recruitment and selection procedure of the company. The selection and recruitment process is a cost effective process, so before undergoing the process, the organization initially understands the cost of the process as well as need of the process. Woolworths is a big organization and there is a requirement of recruitment of new employees for the vacant position as well as when the organization is expanding itself. Growth and expansion- Ofori and Aryeetey (2011) commented on the fact that the organization is focused on recruitment and selecting new candidates when it is planning for growth and expansion of the organization. The organization in order to have fresh ideas from outside and for having more experienced people, recruitment process is essential. It is to be noted that Woolworths being a huge supermarket in Australia is expanding itself more and occupying a higher position in the world. As a result, there is necessity of new and fresh ideas, which is resulting in recruitment and selection process of the organization. According to Field and Siavelis (2011) the organization has a very strong recruitment process since the organization recruits the best people with merit, experience and energy in the organization. Human Resource Planning- The human resource planning is essential in the organization since it helps the HR department to understand the gaps present in the human power within the organization. According to Cerrito and McLean (2010) the number of employees is Woolworths is rising in a considerable amount since the company is expanding itself as well as launching new products. Being a HR consultant, one can easily understand the requirement of the recruitment policies that will be helping the company in understanding the gaps and filling it correspondingly within the organization. External Factors affecting the Recruitment and Selection Process in Woolworths Woolworths is highly focused in maintaining the external factors that have an impact on the recruitment and selection procedures of the company. For a fair recruitment procedure as well as for the satisfaction of the employees and for retaining them, the below mentioned factors are well explained- Social Factors- Cordner and Cordner (2011) commented on the fact that the social factors have a strong impact in the recruitment and selection procedure in Woolworths. This is because, Woolworths being a prestigious company in Australia need to recruit and select the best candidates for the organization. It is to be remembered that the culture of the company is dependent on the recruitment of the employees and retaining the same. According to Edenborough (2005) the culture need to be co-operating and friendly for retaining the employees within the organization. The recruitment procedures need to be fair enough and based on the merit and expertise of the employees and the vacancies within the organization. This fair procedure of recruitment and selection will ultimately satisfy the new candidates and they will tend to retain in the company. Legal Factors- According to Van den Brink et al. (2006) the HR department needs to be abided by the rules, laws and regulations of the company as well as with that of the Governments. The international laws of employment, labor laws etc. need to be maintained within the organization for the better performance and to stay legally safe. Wheatley (2010) had a view regarding the legal factors of the Woolworths is that the organization maintains the privacy of the employees by safeguarding and securing the essential documents within the organization. Moreover, the other legal factors such as Discrimination in employment and Discrimination in wages need to be avoided. Preferably the candidates should be given salary and wages as per the standard rules of the industry. Political Factors- Jack Chen (2011) commented on the fact that the political factors of the organization are also important to be considered within the organization for a fair recruitment and selection method. The political factors need to be abided by the laws and regulations of the place or country where it is doing the business. For Woolworths, the political laws, rules and regulations of Australia need to be focused and abided by it. According to Yan et al. (2010) the HR department of Woolworths is efficient in maintaining the labor laws, the employment laws and is also concerned with the national security of the country. Economic Factors- The economic factor is equally important for the HR department of Woolworths to be concerned with. It plays an important role in the organization and affects the recruitments and selection procedure of the company. Edenborough (2005) commented on the fact that the economic factors include the economic situation of the company as well as economic condition of the country. The recruitment and selection procedure of Woolworths is required to be considered when the company wants to expand its business or wants to launch new products. Recruitment and Selection Portfolio Figure 1: Recruitment and Selection of Woolworths (Source: Yan et al.2010, pp.430) Recommendations The organization in order to get the best quality human resources performs the recruitment and selection procedures. Woolworths is no exception to it. The organization need to focus more on the cost on the incentives and appraisals of the existing employees. Moreover, the company also needs to focus and strengthen the policies of the HR department, so there will be a fair process of recruitment and selection. This is to be remembered that a fair recruitment policy helps in attracting more employees which not only increases the manpower but also fills up the gaps within the organization. It increases the productivity as well as also increases the employee retention. Conclusion This report has explained the impact of both internal and external factors on Woolworths in the recruitment process. The internal factors include the size of the firm, recruitment policy, human resource planning, cost and growth and expansion. These factors have a great impact and influence the recruitment and selection procedures of the employees that help in rapid and successful expansion of the organization. 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